WK1 - physiological treatments Flashcards
phototherapy/Light therapy
First-line treatment for depression with a seasonal onset
Efficacy due to influence of light on melatonin
Effective as medication
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
non invasive
most effect in depression
Primary treatment in severe malnutrition, exhaustion, & dehydration d/t lengthy depression
Psychotic illnesses = second most common indication
Safer than meds with certain medical conditions
Delusional depression
Failure of previous med trials-refractory depression
Schizophrenia with catatonia
Herbal Treatments
St. John’s wort =
Thought to increase serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
Useful in mild to moderate depression
Ginseng =
Stress and fatigue
Valerian Root or Chamomile =
Insomnia, depression, and stress/anxiety
SamE =
depression
Exercise
Dampens HPA axis (thought to be overly active in depression)
Alters levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norephinephrine
what do we assess with ECT
HTN
heart failure
arrhythmias
cardiac conditions
contraindicated in brain tumors subdural hematomas
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Noninvasive
MRI-strength magnetic pulses stimulate focal areas of the cerebral cortex
TMS contraindications and adverse reactions
Presence of metal is only contraindication
Adverse reactions
Headache and lightheadedness
No neurological deficits or memory problems
Seizures rarely
Most are mild and include scalp tingling and discomfort at administration site.
TMS contraindications and adverse reactions
Presence of metal is only contraindication
Adverse reactions
Headache and lightheadedness
No neurological deficits or memory problems
Seizures rarely
Most are mild and include scalp tingling and discomfort at administration site.
TMS contraindications and adverse reactions
Presence of metal is only contraindication
Adverse reactions
Headache and lightheadedness
No neurological deficits or memory problems
Seizures rarely
Most are mild and include scalp tingling and discomfort at administration site.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Invasive procedure
Originally used to treat epilepsy
Decreases seizures and improves mood
Used for treatment resistant depression
Electrical stimulation boosts the level of neurotransmitters
side effects of vagus nerve stimulation
Voice alteration (nearly 60% of patients)
Neck pain, cough, paresthesia, and dyspnea, which tend to decrease with time
side effects of vagus nerve stimulation
Voice alteration (nearly 60% of patients)
Neck pain, cough, paresthesia, and dyspnea, which tend to decrease with time
deep brain stimulation
More invasive than VNS
Surgically implanted electrodes
(in the brain)
Treatment for Parkinson’s disease and now being investigated as an effective treatment in depression
Stimulates regions identified as underactive in depression
