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Bio 131 Exam 1 > Wk1 Parts of Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Wk1 Parts of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus membrane

A

Double “envelope” openings called nuclear pores

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2
Q

Nucleus components

A

-Chromosomes
-Nucleolus
-Nuclear lamina

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3
Q

Nucleus function

A

-Info storage and transmission
-Ribosome subunit assembly
-Structural support

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4
Q

Ribosome membrane

A

None

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5
Q

Ribosome components

A

Complex of RNA and proteins

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6
Q

Ribosome function

A

Protein synthesis

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7
Q

Rough ER membrane

A

Single; contains receptors for entry of selected proteins

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8
Q

Rough ER components

A

Network of branching sacs
Ribosomes associated

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9
Q

Rough ER function

A

Protein synthesis and processing

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10
Q

Smooth ER membrane

A

Single; contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids

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11
Q

Smooth ER components

A

Network of branching sacs
Enzymes for synthesizing or modifying lipids

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12
Q

Smooth ER function

A

Lipid synthesis and processing

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus membrane

A

Single; contains receptors for products of rough ER

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus components

A

Distinct cisternae (membranous compartments), often as stack of flattened vesicles

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15
Q

Golgi Apparatus function

A

Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing; primary site for packaging and distribution of cell products to internal and external compartments

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16
Q

Lysosome membrane

A

Single; contains transporters for selected molecules and proton pumps

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17
Q

Lysosome components

A

Acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolysis reactions)

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18
Q

Lysosome function

A

Digestion and recycling

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19
Q

Vacuole membrane

A

Single; contains transporters for selected molecules

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20
Q

Vacuole components

A

Varies - CWOPTH carbohydrates, water, oils, pigments, toxins, or hydrolases

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21
Q

Vacuole function

A

Storage, digestion, and recycling

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22
Q

Peroxisome membrane

A

Single; contains transporters for selected macromolecules

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23
Q

Peroxisome components

A

Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions
Catalase (process peroxide)

24
Q

Peroxisome function

A

Oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds

25
Q

Mitochondria membrane

A

Double; inner contains enzymes for ATP production

26
Q

Mitochondria components

A

Enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP

27
Q

Mitochondria function

A

ATP production

28
Q

Chloroplast membrane

A

Double; plus membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids; stacks of thylakoids are called grana) in interior

29
Q

Chloroplast components

A

Pigments
Enzymes that use light energy to make sugars

30
Q

Chloroplast function

A

Production of sugars via photosynthesis

31
Q

Cytoskeleton membrane

A

None

32
Q

Cytoskeleton components

A

-Actin filaments
-Intermediate filaments
-Microtubules

33
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

-Structural support
-Movement of materials
-In some species: movement of whole cell

34
Q

Plasma membrane membrane

A

Single; contains transport and receptor proteins

35
Q

Plasma membrane components

A

Phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins

36
Q

Plasma membrane function

A

Selective permeability-maintains intracellular environment

37
Q

Cell wall and ECM membrane

A

None

38
Q

Cell wall and ECM components

A

Carbohydrate fibers running through carbohydrate or protein matrix

39
Q

Cell wall and ECM function

A

Protection and structural support

40
Q

What is the nucleus known as?

A

Administrative/information hub

41
Q

What are ribosomes known as?

A

Protein factories

42
Q

What is the endomembrane composed of and what is it known as?

A
  1. Rough ER
  2. Smooth ER
  3. Golgi Apparatus
  4. Lysosomes

Large molecule manufacturing and shipping

43
Q

What is the rough ER known as?

A

Protein synthesis and folding center

44
Q

What is the smooth ER known as?

A

Lipid factory

45
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus known as?

A

Protein finishing and shipping line

46
Q

What are lysosomes known as?

A

Waste processing and recycling center

47
Q

What are vacuoles known as?

A

Warehouse (for plant cells)

48
Q

What are peroxisomes known as?

A

Fatty-acid processing and detox center

49
Q

What is the mitochondria known as?

A

Power station

50
Q

What are chloroplasts known as?

A

Food-manufacturing facility (for plant cells)

51
Q

What is the cytoskeleton known as?

A

Support beams

52
Q

What is the plasma membrane known as?

A

City limits or security guard

53
Q

What are the cell wall and ECM known as?

A

Perimeter fencing

54
Q

Where do proteins synthesized by free ribosomes (in cytosol) end up?

A

Stay in cytosol or go to other organelles i.e. nucleus

55
Q

Where do proteins synthesized by the rough ER ribosomes end up?

A

Go within rough ER for processing, then either:
-function in rough ER
-packaged into vesicles and transported as cargo to other destinations like different organelles, plasma membrane, or cell exterior

Bio 131 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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