Wk1 Parts of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards by Carl Gonzales

Nucleus membrane

Double “envelope” openings called nuclear pores

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Nucleus components

-Chromosomes
-Nucleolus
-Nuclear lamina

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Nucleus function

-Info storage and transmission
-Ribosome subunit assembly
-Structural support

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Ribosome membrane

None

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Ribosome components

Complex of RNA and proteins

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Ribosome function

Protein synthesis

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Rough ER membrane

Single; contains receptors for entry of selected proteins

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Rough ER components

Network of branching sacs
Ribosomes associated

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Rough ER function

Protein synthesis and processing

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Smooth ER membrane

Single; contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids

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Smooth ER components

Network of branching sacs
Enzymes for synthesizing or modifying lipids

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Smooth ER function

Lipid synthesis and processing

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Golgi Apparatus membrane

Single; contains receptors for products of rough ER

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Golgi Apparatus components

Distinct cisternae (membranous compartments), often as stack of flattened vesicles

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Golgi Apparatus function

Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing; primary site for packaging and distribution of cell products to internal and external compartments

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Lysosome membrane

Single; contains transporters for selected molecules and proton pumps

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Lysosome components

Acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolysis reactions)

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Lysosome function

Digestion and recycling

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Vacuole membrane

Single; contains transporters for selected molecules

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Vacuole components

Varies - CWOPTH carbohydrates, water, oils, pigments, toxins, or hydrolases

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Vacuole function

Storage, digestion, and recycling

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Peroxisome membrane

Single; contains transporters for selected macromolecules

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Peroxisome components

Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions
Catalase (process peroxide)

Peroxisome function

Oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds

Mitochondria membrane

Double; inner contains enzymes for ATP production

Mitochondria components

Enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP

Mitochondria function

ATP production

Chloroplast membrane

Double; plus membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids; stacks of thylakoids are called grana) in interior

Chloroplast components

Pigments Enzymes that use light energy to make sugars

Chloroplast function

Production of sugars via photosynthesis

Cytoskeleton membrane

None

Cytoskeleton components

-Actin filaments -Intermediate filaments -Microtubules

Cytoskeleton function

-Structural support -Movement of materials -In some species: movement of whole cell

Plasma membrane membrane

Single; contains transport and receptor proteins

Plasma membrane components

Phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins

Plasma membrane function

Selective permeability-maintains intracellular environment

Cell wall and ECM membrane

None

Cell wall and ECM components

Carbohydrate fibers running through carbohydrate or protein matrix

Cell wall and ECM function

Protection and structural support

What is the nucleus known as?

Administrative/information hub

What are ribosomes known as?

Protein factories

What is the endomembrane composed of and what is it known as?

1. Rough ER 2. Smooth ER 3. Golgi Apparatus 4. Lysosomes Large molecule manufacturing and shipping

What is the rough ER known as?

Protein synthesis and folding center

What is the smooth ER known as?

Lipid factory

What is the Golgi Apparatus known as?

Protein finishing and shipping line

What are lysosomes known as?

Waste processing and recycling center

What are vacuoles known as?

Warehouse (for plant cells)

What are peroxisomes known as?

Fatty-acid processing and detox center

What is the mitochondria known as?

Power station

What are chloroplasts known as?

Food-manufacturing facility (for plant cells)

What is the cytoskeleton known as?

Support beams

What is the plasma membrane known as?

City limits or security guard

What are the cell wall and ECM known as?

Perimeter fencing

Where do proteins synthesized by free ribosomes (in cytosol) end up?

Stay in cytosol or go to other organelles i.e. nucleus

Where do proteins synthesized by the rough ER ribosomes end up?

Go within rough ER for processing, then either: -function in rough ER -packaged into vesicles and transported as cargo to other destinations like different organelles, plasma membrane, or cell exterior