Wk1 Parts of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Nucleus membrane
Double “envelope” openings called nuclear pores
Nucleus components
-Chromosomes
-Nucleolus
-Nuclear lamina
Nucleus function
-Info storage and transmission
-Ribosome subunit assembly
-Structural support
Ribosome membrane
None
Ribosome components
Complex of RNA and proteins
Ribosome function
Protein synthesis
Rough ER membrane
Single; contains receptors for entry of selected proteins
Rough ER components
Network of branching sacs
Ribosomes associated
Rough ER function
Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER membrane
Single; contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids
Smooth ER components
Network of branching sacs
Enzymes for synthesizing or modifying lipids
Smooth ER function
Lipid synthesis and processing
Golgi Apparatus membrane
Single; contains receptors for products of rough ER
Golgi Apparatus components
Distinct cisternae (membranous compartments), often as stack of flattened vesicles
Golgi Apparatus function
Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing; primary site for packaging and distribution of cell products to internal and external compartments
Lysosome membrane
Single; contains transporters for selected molecules and proton pumps
Lysosome components
Acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolysis reactions)
Lysosome function
Digestion and recycling
Vacuole membrane
Single; contains transporters for selected molecules
Vacuole components
Varies - CWOPTH carbohydrates, water, oils, pigments, toxins, or hydrolases
Vacuole function
Storage, digestion, and recycling
Peroxisome membrane
Single; contains transporters for selected macromolecules
Peroxisome components
Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions
Catalase (process peroxide)
Peroxisome function
Oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds
Mitochondria membrane
Double; inner contains enzymes for ATP production
Mitochondria components
Enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP
Mitochondria function
ATP production
Chloroplast membrane
Double; plus membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids; stacks of thylakoids are called grana) in interior
Chloroplast components
Pigments
Enzymes that use light energy to make sugars
Chloroplast function
Production of sugars via photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton membrane
None
Cytoskeleton components
-Actin filaments
-Intermediate filaments
-Microtubules
Cytoskeleton function
-Structural support
-Movement of materials
-In some species: movement of whole cell
Plasma membrane membrane
Single; contains transport and receptor proteins
Plasma membrane components
Phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins
Plasma membrane function
Selective permeability-maintains intracellular environment
Cell wall and ECM membrane
None
Cell wall and ECM components
Carbohydrate fibers running through carbohydrate or protein matrix
Cell wall and ECM function
Protection and structural support
What is the nucleus known as?
Administrative/information hub
What are ribosomes known as?
Protein factories
What is the endomembrane composed of and what is it known as?
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
Large molecule manufacturing and shipping
What is the rough ER known as?
Protein synthesis and folding center
What is the smooth ER known as?
Lipid factory
What is the Golgi Apparatus known as?
Protein finishing and shipping line
What are lysosomes known as?
Waste processing and recycling center
What are vacuoles known as?
Warehouse (for plant cells)
What are peroxisomes known as?
Fatty-acid processing and detox center
What is the mitochondria known as?
Power station
What are chloroplasts known as?
Food-manufacturing facility (for plant cells)
What is the cytoskeleton known as?
Support beams
What is the plasma membrane known as?
City limits or security guard
What are the cell wall and ECM known as?
Perimeter fencing
Where do proteins synthesized by free ribosomes (in cytosol) end up?
Stay in cytosol or go to other organelles i.e. nucleus
Where do proteins synthesized by the rough ER ribosomes end up?
Go within rough ER for processing, then either:
-function in rough ER
-packaged into vesicles and transported as cargo to other destinations like different organelles, plasma membrane, or cell exterior
