Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EXMD3070 > WK1 - intro, conceptual frameworks and evidence > Flashcards

WK1 - intro, conceptual frameworks and evidence Flashcards

1
Q

What does ICIDH stand for?

A

International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (WHO, 1908)

from 1892-1979 only ICD, not ICIDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the flow chart order from Disease/disorder to Handicap?

A
  1. Disease/disorder
  2. impairments
  3. disability
  4. handicap

impairments can go straight to handicap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Provide an example of ICIDH.

A

Spina Bifida
–> Impaired sensation, muscle power (paresis)
–> inability to walk
–> building w/out lifts, inaccessible

second arrow can lead straight to last arrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was the ICIDH needed?

A

to provide structure and language for describing health and health related states

provides conceptual framework for info by enabling classification, and description of the three dimensions of the phenomenon of “disablement” (as a consequence of disease, injury or congenital condition).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does ICF stand for? And does its purpose differ from ICIDH?

A

International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health

Purpose remains the same - provides structure and language for describing health and health related states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main differences between ICF and ICIDH? Provide an example.

A
  • use of neutral terms
  • complexity of interactions are captured

ICIDH = disease - impairments - disability - handicap

ICF = health condition - body functions and structures - activity - participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structure of ICF?

A

Refer to slide 7 from WK1 PPT slides.

health condition
- participation, activity, body function/structure
activity is affected by environmental and personal factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define health conditions in the ICF Model.

A

Trauma (spinal/brain injury, amputation), cogenital/genetic (CP, MS, parkinsons), disease (polio, aids, menigacoccyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define body functions/structures in the ICF Model.

A

Body functions = physiological functions of body systems, include psychological functions (e.g. CV, neural, visual and attention)

Body structures = anatomical parts and their components (e.g. brain, spinal cord, heart and eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define impairments.

A

problems with body functions or structures (e.g. impaired muscle power, proprioception/touch, attention, memory, vision, hearing, BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define activity in the ICF Model.

A

The execution of task/action by person and activity limitations (AL) are difficulties an individual has in executing an activity (e.g. reading, writing, problem-solving, walking, pushing, lifting, carrying, running, jumping, swimming, toileting, dressing, eating, drinking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define participation in the ICF Model.

A

Involvement in life situation and participation limitations (PL) are proboems an individual experiences in a life situation (e.g. interpersonal interactions (interacting in groups, forming intimate relations); acquiring/keeping job, basic economic transactions (e.g. shopping), watching, listening/ acquiring skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define environmental factors within the ICF Model.

A
  • considers the physical, social and attitudinal environment - where people live and conduct their lives.

e.g. access to products/technology for communication, education, culture recreation and sport. The physical geography and built environment (parks, footpaths etc). Support and relationships from family, friends and AHP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define personal factors of the ICF Model.

A

background of individual - age, gender, race, interests, goals, health behaviours, PA, education, routine, commitments, finances, character.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the terms “functioning” and “disability” represented in this structure?

A

They are represented within each of the factors as limitations.

  • impairment
  • activity limitation
  • participation restriction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is professional practice of Ex sci/phys different for people with neurological impairments?

A

Yes and No

Our job continues to use exercise to help promote independence and aid them with activites that they struggle completing.

However, there are additional considerations that may influence the performance and effectiveness of the prescribed exercise program.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference in neurological recovery (stroke) - recovery from paresis in stroke?

Slide 19

Kreisel, S H et al, 2007

A

Initially mild deficits - least amount of days to recover but degree of motor recovery is highest 90%

Initially moderate deficits - amount of days to recover is inbetween mild and severe. Degree of motor recovery is inbetween 50-60%

Initially severe deficits - longest amount of Rx time, degree of motor recovery is the lowest <10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain the difference of function Rx following TBI between conventional/intensive group.

Slide 20

A

Conventional group - lower % of patients who achieved a max. FIM (functional independence measure) score.

Intensive group - higher % of patients who achieved a max. FIM score

Statistical significance demonstrated at 3M

Zhu, X. L, et al, 2007

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the alternative implication of evidence of the FIM graphs from stroke / TBI recovery?

A

Neurological impairment not only directly affects health/fitness and function, it leads to a profound decrease in PA - people with neurological impairments are some of the most inactive members of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does chronic inactivity mean?

A
  • decrease health (CVD, depression, diabetes etc)
    *fitness (lower strength, aerobic/anaerobic capacity, body composition)
  • increase activity limitations (transferring, pushing wheelchair etc)

The effects of inactivity are large and compound effects that neuro-impariments has on health, fitness and activity limitations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the relationship between volume of habitual PA and health, fitness and functioning benefits conferred?

A

Strong evidence of dose-response relationship.

Volume of PA = dose
PA = timeintensityfrequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the recommended dose of PA for people with disabilities?

A

Aerobic = 30min3METs5days = 450MET.min/wk
However some evidence that optimal doses may be 3-5times that amount (1350-2250 MET.min/wk)

Strength 2days RT, all major muslce groups

Most with neurological impairments are not achieving guidelines (they are well below)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain relationship between exercise and neurological impairment.

A

Intervnetions that successfully increase volume of habitual PA undertaken by person with neurological impairment will confer substantial increases in health fitness and functioning.

24
Q

What is METs?

A

Metabolic Equivalent of Task

1MET = amount of energy used while sitting quietly

Used to indicate intensity

25
Q

What are the barriers to PA?

A
  • magnitude of benefit
  • quality and strength of evidence
  • universality of application - all impairment (e.g. incomplete vs compelte lesions)
  • equity of access
26
Q

What about other permanent impairment types?

A

Rationale same for other pops with permanent impariments…
* limb deficiency (e.g. dysmelia)
* social/behavioural (e.g. autism)
* intellectual impairment (eg. down syndrome)
* vision impairment (e.g. retinitis pigmentosa)

*Hearing impairment not included as evidence not as strong that activity is decreased.

27
Q

What is the aim of EXMD3070?

A

provide students with knowledge and skills required to develop and evaluate client-centred, evidence-based interventions that empower people with disabilities to optimise health, fitness, function or quality of life through adoption and maintenance of PA that is safe and effective and enjoyable.

28
Q

Define empower.

A

compared with “assist” or “help” or “treat” where person is passive. Role in teaching skills

29
Q

Define “people with disabilties”?

A

have a permanent impairment of structure or function and a related difficulty with activity or participation. They are medically stable and increased PA is not contraindicated.

In most instances, impairment will nto resolve or significantly improve in response to PA interventions.

30
Q

Provide examples of impairments.

A
  • neurological
  • limb deficiency
  • behavioural/social
  • hearing
  • intellectual
  • vision
31
Q

Define client-centred goals.

A

are goals that have meaning for the client

32
Q

Define evidence-based interventions.

A

Safe, appropriate and effective based on 2 types of evidence…
1. +ve physical response (from fields of physiology, neurology, biomechanics, motor control)
2. adoption&maintenance (from health promotion).
May be conducted in fixed facilities (clinic/gym) or in community (homes or clubs)

33
Q

Define “Adoption and maintenance of PA lifestyles”.

A

people who are insufficiently active for health should not only increase PA but maintain increase after intervention ceases.

PA is a health behavioru that encompasses Ex, incidental PA (ADLs or occupational activity), sport or outdoor recreation

34
Q

Define PA.

A

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that reuslts in caloric expenditure (Casperson, 1989).

Types of PA
* sport
* outdoor recreation
* certain ADls (inc. incidental inactivity)

35
Q

Deine Ex.

A

In the form of programs which prescribe PA in terms of frequency, duration and intensity (FITT principle)

  • aerobic, strength, functional
  • home or fixed facility
  • groups or individual
36
Q

What are the AUS PA, sedentary and strength guidelines for ages 1-2?

A

PA =at least 180mins of energetic play per day

Strength = N/A

Sedentary/screen time = do not restrain for>1hr at time
–> <2yrs no screen time
–> >2yrs, no more that 60mins

37
Q

What are the AUS PA, sedentary and strength guidelines for ages 3-5?

A

PA = at least 180mins/day. With 60mins of energetic play

Strength = N/A

Sedentary/screen time = No more than 60mins at a time per day

38
Q

What are the AUS PA, sedentary and strength guidelines for ages 5-17?

A

PA = at least 60mins moderate-vig activity - mainly aerobic activities per day

Strength = at least 3days/wk

Sedentary/screen time = no more than 120mins of screen use. Break up long periods of sitting

39
Q

What are the AUS PA, sedentary and strength guidelines for ages 18-64?

A

PA = active on most // all days or week. At leat 150mins of mod-vig activity per wk

Strength = 2x/wk

Sedentary/screen time = minimise / break up long periods of sitting

40
Q

What are the AUS PA, sedentary and strength guidelines for ages >65yrs?

A

PA = active on most/all days. At least 30mins of mod activity per day

Strength = incorporate muscle strengthening activities

Sedentary/screen time = be as active as possible

41
Q

What does USSG Report for PA guidelines (1996)?

A
  • mod intensity (3-6METs)
  • 30mins
  • most/all days of week (<5days)
  • vig intensity (6-9METs) = extra health benefit
42
Q

Give a cool fact on physical inactivity.

A

9th leading preventable cause of ill health and premature death, responsible for 2.5% of total disease burden in AUS, in 2018 (AIHW, 2021)

43
Q

Finish the sentence…

Insufficient PA is independently and significantly associated with increased risk of total disease burden in…

A

T2DM 20%
CHD 16%
Uterine Ca 16%
Bowel Ca 12%
Dementia 12%
Stroke 9/2%
BCa 3.2%

44
Q

What is the direct healthcare cost of physical inactivity (in AUS)?

A

$968mil spent managing health conditions due to physical inactivity

$764mil spent on injuries related to PA

45
Q

What is the dose-response relationship between PA and all-cause mortality?

A

As hrs/wk increase from 0.5hrs –> 7hrs. Relative risk decreases from 1 to just about 0.5.

PA is comprised of mod-vig PA

46
Q

What is the dose-response relationship between PA and selected diseases?

A

Refer to slide 9 of Evidence Lectures.

** the more exercise performed (hrs/wk), the greater decrease in relative risk of develop T2DM, fractures, dementia, CVD and cancers.

47
Q

What are the “best buys” for getting people active?

A

people in the “sleep early slope” are more active.

48
Q

What are the statistics of people with disability in AUS?

A

DSP recipients = ~750k people
NDIS participants = ~500k people

People with disability = ~25mil

Aus Institute of Health and Welfare (2022)

49
Q

What is the % of people >15yrs with disability who don’t do enough PA (inc. at work)?

A

Nearly 3/4 (72%) of people >15yrs with disability don’t do enough PA (inc. work) for their age, compared with just over half (52% of those without disability.

50
Q

Adults with disabilities are 3x more likely to have heart disease, stroke, diabetes, or cancer than adults without disabilities.

T or F?

A

T

51
Q

What is the % of adults aged 18-64 who get no aerobic PA?
*mobility
* cognitive
* vision
* hearing
* no disability

A
  • 57%
  • 40%
  • 36%
  • 33%
  • 26%
52
Q

“But they can’t do much” – counteract this statement.

A

Good evidence that even small changes are effective for the very low active

Light Ex done for half of required time improved aerobic capacity in sedentary women - Church et al (JAMA, 2007)

10 x 3min bouts reduced serum cholesterol - Miyashita et al, 2006)

light intensity PA associated with increased insulin sensitivity in T2DM - Healy et al, 2007

53
Q

What is the Aus 2021 PA guidelines for adults 18-64yrs?

A

Doing any PA is better than none. If you currently do no PA, start by doing some, and gradually build up to recommended amount.

Be active on most/all days every wk

Accumulate 2.5-5hrs/WK of MIPA or 1.25-2.5hrs/WK of VIPA, or equivalent combination of both mod and vig each week

RT 2x/WK

54
Q

What is the AUS 2021 guidelines for sedentary behaviour for adults 18-64y?

A

minimise time spent in prolonged sitting

break up long periods of sitting as often as possible

55
Q

Which disability has the greatest evidence for PA as an intervention?

A

Stroke

56
Q

Which disability has the least amount of evidence for PA as an intervention?

A

Amputation

57
Q

What is the cross-sectional association between PA and health?

A

More people have…

*Improved independence and functioning - ADLs cause relatively high physical strain for PWD. Increased fitness and reduced weight decreases strain

  • Decreased rate of hospital admission - Active PWD have lower rates of hospital admissions than inactive
  • Prevention or amelioration of certain co-morbidities - UTIs, skin breakdown, DVTs, shoulder pain
  • Increased social contact / social re-entry - greater social interaction among active over inactive

EXMD3070 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions