WK1: Appendicular System Flashcards
What makes up the appendicular system?
The upper and lower limbs - shoulder girdle and pelvic girldle
What makes up the arm?
The shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula) and the humerus.
How does the shoulder girdle connect the arms to the body?
The medial end of the clavicle connects with the axial skeleton by the manubrium.
In the scapula there is an acromion process, that connects with the lateral end of the clavicle.
In the head of the scapula, there is a glenoid fossa in which the head of the humerus will directly articulate with to create the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
Where is the coraccoid process located and what is its function?
The corracoid process is found the lateral, superior edge of the scapula that functions as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles.
What are tubercles?
Serves as an attachment for skeletal muscles
What is a tuberosity?
A large, rounded prominence on a bone serving as an attachment for muscles and ligaments.
What is the deltoid tuberosity responsible for?
For the attachment of the deltoid muscle
What is the function of the radial groove?
It houses where the radial nerve will lie
How does the humerus articulate with the forearm?
The humerus has condyles that will articulate with the radius and ulna. The trochlea articulates with the trochlea notch of the ulna (medially) and the capitulum articulates with the head of the radius (laterally)
What is the olecranon process on the ulna?
Superior end of the elbow, which will articulate with the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the forearm is extended
What is the function of the interosseous membrane for the radius and ulna?
It’s fibrous tissue that connects the ulna shaft to radius, helping them become stabilised
What is the radial tuberosity for?
A projection on the neck of the radius, serving as an attachment site for the biceps brachii
What is the ulnar notch in the radius for?
Articulates with the ulna and wrist
What are the components that make up the hand?
8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones and the phalanges (proximal, middle distal) but for the thumb there is only proximal and distal phalanges
What makes up the bones of the lower limb?
The thigh, leg and foot
What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
It’s made up of 3 fused bones - the illium, ischium and pubis.
What is the acetabulum?
The meeting junction of the illium, ischium and pubis forms the acetabulum - a hip socket for where the head of the femur will articulate with pelvis.
As a mark of the illium, what is the illiac crest?
The illiac crest is on the upper brim of the illium and is where bone marrow will be taken (due to ease of access)
In what position is the greater and lesser trochanters of the upper femur visisble?
Posteriorly
What are the 2 articulations for the knee joint?
The tibioemoral joint - where the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the tibula (fibula doesnt participate)
Patellafemoral - the patella attaches to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris superiorly, and inferiorly attaches to the patella ligament. This ensures stabilisation of the knee.
What is the role of the calcaneus?
It articulates with the tarsals and metatarsals and functions to dispense the weight of the body
How is the ankle joint formed?
Formed beween the distal fibula and tibula condyles and the talus
