WK1: Appendicular System

Question 1

What makes up the appendicular system?

Answer 1

The upper and lower limbs - shoulder girdle and pelvic girldle

Question 2

What makes up the arm?

Answer 2

The shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula) and the humerus.

Question 3

How does the shoulder girdle connect the arms to the body?

Answer 3

The medial end of the clavicle connects with the axial skeleton by the manubrium.

In the scapula there is an acromion process, that connects with the lateral end of the clavicle.

In the head of the scapula, there is a glenoid fossa in which the head of the humerus will directly articulate with to create the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

Question 4

Where is the coraccoid process located and what is its function?

Answer 4

The corracoid process is found the lateral, superior edge of the scapula that functions as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles.

Question 5

What are tubercles?

Answer 5

Serves as an attachment for skeletal muscles

Question 6

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 6

A large, rounded prominence on a bone serving as an attachment for muscles and ligaments.

Question 7

What is the deltoid tuberosity responsible for?

Answer 7

For the attachment of the deltoid muscle

Question 8

What is the function of the radial groove?

Answer 8

It houses where the radial nerve will lie

Question 9

How does the humerus articulate with the forearm?

Answer 9

The humerus has condyles that will articulate with the radius and ulna. The trochlea articulates with the trochlea notch of the ulna (medially) and the capitulum articulates with the head of the radius (laterally)

Question 10

What is the olecranon process on the ulna?

Answer 10

Superior end of the elbow, which will articulate with the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the forearm is extended

Question 11

What is the function of the interosseous membrane for the radius and ulna?

Answer 11

It’s fibrous tissue that connects the ulna shaft to radius, helping them become stabilised

Question 12

What is the radial tuberosity for?

Answer 12

A projection on the neck of the radius, serving as an attachment site for the biceps brachii

Question 13

What is the ulnar notch in the radius for?

Answer 13

Articulates with the ulna and wrist

Question 14

What are the components that make up the hand?

Answer 14

8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones and the phalanges (proximal, middle distal) but for the thumb there is only proximal and distal phalanges

Question 15

What makes up the bones of the lower limb?

Answer 15

The thigh, leg and foot

Question 16

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

Answer 16

It’s made up of 3 fused bones - the illium, ischium and pubis.

Question 17

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 17

The meeting junction of the illium, ischium and pubis forms the acetabulum - a hip socket for where the head of the femur will articulate with pelvis.

Question 18

As a mark of the illium, what is the illiac crest?

Answer 18

The illiac crest is on the upper brim of the illium and is where bone marrow will be taken (due to ease of access)

Question 19

In what position is the greater and lesser trochanters of the upper femur visisble?

Answer 19

Posteriorly

Question 20

What are the 2 articulations for the knee joint?

Answer 20

The tibioemoral joint - where the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the tibula (fibula doesnt participate)

Patellafemoral - the patella attaches to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris superiorly, and inferiorly attaches to the patella ligament. This ensures stabilisation of the knee.

Question 21

What is the role of the calcaneus?

Answer 21

It articulates with the tarsals and metatarsals and functions to dispense the weight of the body

Question 22

How is the ankle joint formed?

Answer 22

Formed beween the distal fibula and tibula condyles and the talus