WK1

Question 1

What is the purpose of a gait assessment ?

Answer 1

To determine the demands of the load on the body structures
the body’s response to the load
overall motion of the body
unique motion of segments
Forces required to produce motion

Question 2

What are the phases of the gait cycle ?

Answer 2

stance phase: IC, LR, MSt, TSt, PSw
swing phase: ISw, MSw, TSw

Question 3

If the R foot has just left the ground, what phase of gait is this and in which phase of gait is the L foot at this moment ?

Answer 3

Initial Swing, Midstance

Question 4

During what phase(s) of gait is the heel rocker active ?

Answer 4

IC-LR

Question 5

During what phase(s) of gait is the ankle rocker active ?

Answer 5

LR-MSt

Question 6

During what phase(s) of gait is the forefoot rocker active ?

Answer 6

MSt-TSt

Question 7

During what phase(s) of gait is the Toe rocker active ?

Answer 7

TSt-PSw

Question 8

What is the physiological cost of walking index ?

Answer 8

PCI= ( walking pulse/HR-resting pulse)/gait speed

Question 9

What are some ways to describe gait quantitatively ?

Answer 9

step length, stride length, cadence, velocity/gait speed *

Question 10

What is the purpose of an orthosis ?

Answer 10

provide support, protect or replace lost function

Question 11

When is a custom brace indicated ?

Answer 11

When the brace will be needed for longer than 6 months

the patient has angular deformities, size, or stability and control needs that exceed the specifications of a prefabricated brace.

Question 12

What four factors should be considered before giving a patient a brace ?

Answer 12

1. advantages
2. disadvantages
   3.Indications
3. Contraindications

Question 13

What is the goal of an AFO?

Answer 13

decrease pain
correct or maintain deformity
improve gait
maintain or improve independence

Question 14

When is a KAFO used ?

Answer 14

weakness, post op protection, prevent or accommodate deformity, structural weakness or deformity, energy conservation

Question 15

What are the goals of a HKAFO ?

Answer 15

provide proper alignment of the limbs and trunk, stable base of support, improve patient independence and quality of life

Question 16

1. What is the difference between a dynamic and static AFO. Which ones fall into each category?

Answer 16

a. A dynamic AFO will allow sagittal plane motion whereas a static orthoses will not.
b. See table 9.2 in Chui Book

Question 17

What should the PT assess when working with a patient with an orthosis?

Answer 17

The PT should address ROM, strength, gait abnormality, compensation strategies

Question 18

What is necessary for the patient to know (Patient Education/Intervention) when providing a patient with an orthosis?

Answer 18

Orthotic Training: donning/doffing, understand functions and limitations, orthotic maintenance, proper use.

Question 19

Which type of AFO provides the most stability in all planes of ankle motion?

Answer 19

SAFOs

Question 20

What type of AFO is indicated for quad weakness?

Answer 20

Anterior floor reaction AFOs

Question 21

Which AFO would be best for a patient with fluctuations in edema 2nd to conditions such as Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) or Kidney Failure requiring dialysis?

Answer 21

Conventional double upright AFO.

Question 22

What type of AFO, shown by evidence, can lead to improvements in temporal and spatial characteristics of walking, as well as safety with walking for patients diagnosed with: Stroke, TBI, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 22

Functional NES AFO’s, dorsiflexion assist AFOs

Question 23

Which AFO allows for a smooth ankle rocker while holding the foot in a maximally aligned position in the case of the patient with equinovarus?

Answer 23

Hinged thermoplastic AFO.

Question 24

In the presence of excessive knee varus/valgus angulation during the stance phase which orthosis would be indicated?

Answer 24

KAFO

Question 25

Related to the KAFO ankle system what is the key consideration in deciding which ankle system is most appropriate?

Answer 25

How orthotic control at the ankle and the GRF will impact the knee function and forward progression during stance phase.