Wk 8 - Oxygenation Flashcards
Erythropoiesis
-
Kidneys
- senses hypoxia
- releases erythropoietin - Bone Marrow - erythropoiesis
- RBC are used - 120 days
- Liver breaks them down
- Bile is excreted via Intestine
what nutrition is important for erythropoiesis?
- Support RBC & HGB development- Fe, B12, Folic Acid
- To support bone health- Ca, Vit D
What carries O2?
RBCs
Anemia
Low RBCs
Acute Anemia
occurs when there is an abrupt drop in RBCs, most often by hemolysis (ie- blood reaction, some infections) oracutehemorrhage
Chronic Anemia
is generally a gradual decline in RBCs, and causes include iron or other nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases (kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, inflammatory diseases), drug-induced, and Sickle-cell (RBC is odd shape due to ineffective HGB and there is increased hemolysis= low RBC).
Functions of Resp Sys.?
- smell
- speech (in larynx/voice box)
- gas exchange
- ventilation
Resp. Centre in Brain
Pons/Medulla
Automatic
Chemoreceptors detect
CO2 in Central
O2 in Peripheral
Inspiration is
active- based on chemical receptors in aorta.
Expiration is
passive- using lungs elastic recoil
Prefix Meanings
- Tachy
- Brady
- A
- Eu
Tachy = too fast
Brady = too slow
A = absent/not
Eu = normal
Suffix Meaning
- Pnea
Pnea = breathing
Running down the hall is example of
Tachypnea
Severe acute pain is example of
Tachypnea
COPD Exacerbation is example of
Tachypnea
Resp. depression from narcotics is example of
Bradypnea
Use of a CPAP machine is example of
Apnea
Respiratory Arrest is example of
Apnea
Sleeping is example of
Eupnea
Hyperventilation
- increased ventilation
- eliminated more CO2
Hyperventilation Cause (22)
Hyperventilation leads to (22)
Hypoventilation/Hypoxia (all parts) (22)
Older adults have increased risk of getting
respiratory infections
Lifestyle Factors that affect Oxygenation
- Increased weight = decreased lung expansion,
- Lacking nutrients = increase muscle wasting & increase CVS related health risks,
- Lack of exercise = less effective cardiopulmonary system,
- Smoking = leading cause of cancer death in Canada,
- Substance abuse is often associated with poor nutrition and can decrease the respiratory center,
- Stress = increases metabolic needs.
Environmental Conditions that affect Oxygenation
- Smog
- Occupational pollutants (asbestos, dust)
- Temperature
- Altitude
What is COPD
- Chronic lung disease
- Focus on symptom management
- Typically diagnosed over 40yrs
Umbrella term - Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
What might wheezes in lungs sounds mean?
Narrowed Airways
- Asthma
- COPD
What might crackles in lungs sounds mean?
Fluid
- COPD
- HF
What might diminished breath sounds in lungs sounds mean?
COPD
What might absence of breath sounds in lungs sounds mean?
Air - pneumothorax
No lung - lobectomy, pneumonectomy
