Wk 6 - CBT Flashcards
What are the basic assumptions of CBT? (x4)
Based on learning theories but + cognitions (thoughts, memories, images, attitudes, expectations, etc)
Not only environment that influence behaviour but the way we perceive/make meaning
o It’s the processing that counts
Cognitive change leads to behavioural and emotional change
What does ABC refer to in behavioural therapy?
o A = antecedents
o B = target BEHAVIOUR
o C = consequences
What does ABC refer to in cognitive therapy?
o A = antecedents
o B = BELIEFS about the antecedents
o C = consequences (Behaviour / Emotions)
What are 7 principles of CBT?
Learning (behavioural) principles
Cognitive theories (evolving)
Sound therapeutic alliance
Collaboration and active participation
Goal oriented and problem focused
Time limited
Structured sessions
o Agenda, review, set homeworkWhat is the aim of CBT? (x1)
Teaches client to identify, evaluate and challenge dysfunctional thinking
What was the precursor (and developer) to CBT? (x1)
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT: Ellis)
Why did Beck develop cognitive therapy (x7)
Beck is a Psychiatrist, trained in Psychoanalysis in U.S.
Disagreed with Psychoanalytic theory that depression is aggressive drive turned inward
What 5 elements are common to all CBT approaches?
o Structured, content driven therapy (often manualised)
o Role of homework
o Client’s responsibility to take an active role
o Range of cognitive and behaviour strategies
o Educational in style
What are some common cognitive distortion in depression, anxiety, and some other problems? (x12)
All or nothing thinking
Catastrophising
Disqualifying the positive
Emotional reasoning
Labelling – a global rating of self, maybe others
• Problematic because of self-fulfilling prophecy – what if you have a success?
Magnification / minimisation
Mental filter
Mind reading– usually interpreting others' in a negative way
Overgeneralisation
Personalisation
Should statements
Tunnel visionHow does CBT link events to core beliefs? (x5)
Antecedents/situation
Belief (automatic thought) has
Consequences (emotions/behaviours), but also…
The automatic thought feeds into intermediate belief - assumptions/rules that influence
Core belief
Give egs of the three levels of cognition, as per CBT
Automatic thought: ‘I give up, this assignment is too hard’; leads to…
Intermediate belief: ‘If I don’t get my assignment done, I’ll fail the course’; leads to…
Core belief: ‘I’m a failure’
Where did attribution theory stem from (x1)
Arguing that depression occurs if… (x3)
Learned helplessness
Individual is aware of uncontrollable factors in their environment
Individual views the situation as unchangeable
Blame self for their helplessness
What are the three dichotomous characteristics of attribution?
Personal (internal vs external)
Pervasive (generalised/global vs specific)
Permanent (stable vs unstable)
What did Seligman develop his learned helplessness theory into? (x2)
Learned optimism
Positive psychology
What are Ellis’s REBT (rational emotive behavioural therapy) irrational thinking patterns?
Dire necessity for adult humans to be loved or approved by virtually everyone
Must be competent, adequate and achieving in all important respects or is inadequate person.
People must act considerately and fairly and they are damnable villains if they do not.
Awful when things are not the way one would like them to be.
Emotional disturbance is externally caused and people have no ability to change their dysfunctional feelings/behaviours.
If something is fearsome, should be constantly concerned and keep dwelling on the possibility
Cannot/must not face life’s responsibilities and difficulties -easier to avoid them.
Must be dependent on others and need them.
Past history is an all-important determiner of one’s present behaviour
Other people’s disturbances are horrible and one must feel upset about them.
There is invariably a right, precise and perfect solution to human problems and it is awful if not found
What do we mean by cognitive content specificity? (x1 plus 2 e.g. disorders/patterns)
Different cognitive themes are found in the different disorders
Eg depression: negative cognitions about self, others, future
Body image distortions - not objective, telling them doesn’t work
What are some common cognitive themes in OCD? (x5)
Overestimated threat Thought-action fusion Inflated responsibility Intolerance of uncertainty Perfectionism
What are some common cognitive themes in addictive behaviours? (substance x2, gambling x3)
Cravings - could be a taste or smell sensation, not just thoughts of eg I’d love a beer
Expectancies – can be more or less accurate, and differ across substances
Illusion of control – I’m playing on my lucky machine, wearing my lucky undies => I’ll win
Gamblers fallacy – 6 heads in a row, next one is bound to be a tail
Chasing losses – increase my bet to win back the money
What are some common cognitive themes in social phobia? (x2)
Feel like they’re going out without their skin on, that everyone is watching and judging them negatively
Images of self looking anxious or performing poorly
What are the therapeutic goals in CBT? (x3)
Behavioural strategies (eg behavioural activation in depression; exposure therapy in anxiety disorders; etc)
Identify and challenge cognitive distortions
Learning ways to deal with future difficulties - become own therapist
What is the therapist’s role in CBT? (x3)
Active role – set agenda, structure sessions
Educational - teach clients cognitive model and how to identify and challenge distorted thinking; prepare materials, provide information
Guidance and support
What is the client’s role in CBT? (x3)
Learner
Actively participate in session
Homework assignments
