Wk 5

Question 1

The process of identifying structures, target volumes or normal tissue, by outlining contours around them

Answer 1

structure (organ) segmentation

Question 2

Basic level – physician and or dosimetrist designs fields based on radiographic anatomy (i.e. whole brain fields)

Answer 2

Conformal 3 D planning (CRT - Conformal Radiation Therapy)

Question 3

IMRT

Answer 3

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Question 4

VMAT

Answer 4

Volumetric Arc Therapy

Question 5

The machine continuously reshapes and changes the intensity of the radiation beam as it moves around the body.

Answer 5

VMAT is a type of IMRT technique

Question 6

In the fusion process, common anatomic features are identified in each data set and are used to link the data sets to form a ______?

Answer 6

composite set

Question 7

uniformity in structure, composition, or nature.

Answer 7

Homogeneity

Question 8

IGRT

Answer 8

Image-Guided Radiotherapy

Question 9

EPI or EPID

Answer 9

MV Electronic Portal Imaging Device

Question 10

-Uses therapy x-ray beams to verify patient setup positions

-Verify shape of treatment portals

Image quality and contrast is not as good as kV imaging due to Compton scattering on the film.

Disadvantage: higher imaging dose (1-5cGy) and poor image quality

Answer 10

MV Imaging (IGRT-2D)

Question 11

MV energy produces photons in the ________ range

Answer 11

Compton

Question 12

OBI

Answer 12

On-Board Imaging

Question 13

kV X-ray tube with flat panel image detector mounted orthogonal to therapy x-ray beam on Linear Accelerator

Low imaging dose (.01-.1 cGy)

Answer 13

On-Board Imaging (OBI)
(IGRT-2D)

Question 14

3D information acquired with CT scanner in the same room just before treatment

CT images provide volumetric and anatomic information in treatment room coordinates

CT image can be aligned with reference CT image from planning before treatment starts by use of soft tissue and bony contrast alignment

Answer 14

3D Volumetric Imaging
(IGRT)

Question 15

Consists of a standard treatment unit with an amorphous silicon flat panel adapted for MV photons

Detector mounted on a retractable support

Image acquisition starts by rotating the gantry for a continuous 200° arc, acquiring 1 portal image per degree of rotation

Imaging dose range 2-8cGy

Answer 15

MV Cone-beam CT (MVCBCT)

Question 16

Conventional kV x-ray tube mounted on a retractable arm at 90° to the treatment beam line

Involves acquiring multiple kV radiographs as the gantry rotates through at least 180° of rotation

Use of low energy, images demonstrate acceptable soft tissue contrast best used for target delineation

Answer 16

kV Cone-beam CT

Question 17

CT scans used to reconstruct a set of 3DCT scans representing 3D anatomy at different times (or respiratory phases)

Answer 17

4D CT Imaging

Question 18

__ imaging has better soft tissue contrast than __ imagers

Answer 18

kV, MV

Question 19

__ doesn’t create the streaking from metallic objects that __ imaging does

Answer 19

MV, kV

Question 20

_______ from imaging can be significant. Risks versus benefits must be evaluated

Answer 20

Total dose

Question 21

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that can be created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within one health care organization.

Answer 21

Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

Question 22

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one health care organization.

Answer 22

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

Question 23

An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be drawn from multiple sources while being managed, shared, and controlled by the individual.

Answer 23

Personal Health Record (PHR)