Ultrasound

Question 1

Ultrasound uses high energy (or high frequency) sound waves which by definition have a frequency of

Answer 1

> 20 kHz

Question 2

the speed of the wave. Constant in a given medium. This is how ultrasound determines depth of tissue - tissue/organ close to probe - wave returns first, longest time to return means the tissue is further away.

Answer 2

Velocity

Question 3

number of cycles (waves) /second

Answer 3

Frequency

Question 4

height of the waves.

Answer 4

Amplitude

Question 5

less detail, farther travel

Answer 5

lower frequency

Question 6

shorter distance, more detail

Answer 6

high frequency

Question 7

Strong (high) amplitude waves returning to transducer are ______ on the image

Answer 7

bright (i.e bone deflects the wave showing bright image)

Question 8

Weak/No amplitude waves (absorbed waves) are ______.

Answer 8

dark

Question 9

Echogenecity

Answer 9

brightness of reflected waves

Question 10

hyperechoic
A. high amplitude - bright
B. low amplitude - darker than surrounding tissue
C. non-reflecting, completely absorbs sound - black

Answer 10

high amplitude - bright

Question 11

hypoechoic
A. high amplitude - bright
B. low amplitude - darker than surrounding tissue
C. non-reflecting, completely absorbs sound - black

Answer 11

low amplitude - darker than surrounding tissue

Question 12

anechoic
A. high amplitude - bright
B. low amplitude - darker than surrounding tissue
C. non-reflecting, completely absorbs sound - black

Answer 12

non-reflecting, completely absorbs sound - black

Question 13

Lateral resolution

Answer 13

can differentiate objects side by side

Question 14

Axial resolution

Answer 14

differentiate objects above and below. High frequency better in both planes

Question 15

Sound waves are ________ and can physically cause oscillation, or movement within materials

Answer 15

mechanical

Question 16

The propagation speed of movement through materials varies depending on the _________.

Answer 16

makeup of the material

Question 17

Speeds are highest in ______ and lowest in ______

Answer 17

solids, gases

Question 18

When sound is transmitted through a medium (in this case, the body) & it encounters an object it is either:

Answer 18

Absorbed (this process may create heat)

Reflected back toward its source

Scattered in a different direction

Question 19

A _____________ produces and emits pulses of sound waves

Answer 19

hand-held transducer

Question 20

Transducers work on the principle of __________

Answer 20

piezoelectricity

Question 21

Sound waves that are reflected and some that are scattered, return back out of the patient and are detected by the ______

Answer 21

receiver

Question 22

The ________ is actually the same piece of equipment as the ________.

Answer 22

The receiver is actually the same piece of equipment as the transducer.

Question 23

better resolution, less depth and penetration - (ex:vascular and ocular - tissues are close to surface and need great detail)
A. High Frequency Linear Array
B. Phased Array
C. Low frequency curvilinear Array

Answer 23

High Frequency Linear Array

Question 24

(cardiac) projects from a focal source in an arc (wedge shape) to see between rib spaces
A. High Frequency Linear Array
B. Phased Array
C. Low frequency curvilinear Array

Answer 24

Phased Array

Question 25

wedge shape - low frequency, wide field of view - abdominal A. High Frequency Linear Array B. Phased Array C. Low frequency curvilinear Array

Answer 25

Low frequency curvilinear Array

Question 26

Diagnostic ultrasound is typically in the range of

Answer 26

2-15 MHz

Question 27

The _____ frequency is better for deeper imaging, but Detail is better with _____ frequency

Answer 27

The lower frequency is better for deeper imaging, but Detail is better with higher frequency

Question 28

Reflected sound waves are termed

Answer 28

echoes.

Question 29

Tissues will have different acoustic impedance, which is defined as__________.

Answer 29

density x propagation speed. If density increases so does impedance If speed increases impedance also increases

Question 30

Attenuation of sound pulses is higher in ____ and in ____ than in ____.

Answer 30

air, bone, soft tissue

Question 31

The greater the difference in _____ the greater the intensity of the _____

Answer 31

impedance, echo

Question 32

imaging the patient prior to treatment to confirm the location and alignment of internal anatomy

Answer 32

Interfractional localization

Question 33

imaging during the treatment to confirm that the location and alignment of internal anatomy

Answer 33

Intrafractional localization

Question 34

A gel is placed on the patient's skin to allow the transducer/receiver to directly connect or "_____" to the skin without an air gap.

Answer 34

couple

Question 35

1 Hertz (HZ)= ?

Answer 35

1 cycle/sec