Nuclear Medicine Flashcards
Uses radioactive materials that are “taken up” or absorbed in particular organs or tissues based on their physiology
Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Nuclear Medicine is also used to treat some conditions, such as ________
thyroid cancer and monoclonal antibodies
The thyroid absorbs _____ in order to produce its hormones
iodine
Because it is tied to body functions, radioisotope images are _________.
dynamic and change with time
Must be gamma emitters in order to penetrate the body to be detected by the equipment
Radioisotopes
The usable energy range for radioistopes ______.
is 80-200 kev
The effective T½ is shorter than actual T½ because ______
the isotope is gradually eliminated from the patient’s body
Used to image the thyroid?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Used to demonstrate myocardial ischemia?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Used for lung ventilation studies?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
can be coupled to phosphate compounds which make it useful for bone, liver & brain scans?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
can be used to localize inflammation and tumor activity?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Most commonly used radionuclide in PET imaging?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)
Utilizes an isotope which emits positrons which are unstable
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
The 18F is tagged to ________, which is a glucose analog and is taken up in parts of the body using glucose (Brain, muscle and high metabolic tumors)
FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG)
best available tracer for detecting cancer and its metastatic spread in the body.
A positron will then interact with an electron in an
annihilation reaction
(like in Pair production)
annihilation reaction
Two photons of .511 MeV travel in opposite directions
is taken up by rapidly dividing cells. This tracer has a greater specificity for rapidly dividing cells. Unfortunately there are some methods of cellular replication that FLT misses, leading to false-negative results. FLT is currently being evaluated as a method to determine smaller areas that should be targeted for additional treatment following initial treatment
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)
18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
is a radioactive tracer that can identify hypoxic areas within tumor cells potentially providing details for targeting a potential area for recurrence
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)
Cu-ATSM
has been designed to demonstrate hypoxia which is associated with radiation resistance
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)
18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)
Currently, the main drawback of PET is
its limited resolution for detecting tumors or lymph nodes with a small diameter (generally <1 cm).
has become the primary imaging tool for the staging of most cancers.
PET/CT scanner
A combination scanner that produces both PET and CT images of the same body regions in one examination
are primarily used to diagnose and track the progression of heart disease, such as blocked coronary arteries. There are also radiotracers to detect disorders in bone, gall bladder disease and intestinal bleeding.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scans
have recently become available for aiding in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease in the brain, and distinguishing this malady from other anatomically-related movement disorders and dementias.
SPECT agents
provide three-dimensional (tomographic) images of the distribution of radioactive tracer molecules that have been introduced into the patient’s body.
SPECT imaging instruments
have gamma camera detectors that can detect the gamma ray emissions from the tracers that have been injected into the patient. Gamma rays are a form of light that moves at a different wavelength than visible light.
SPECT imagers
The main difference between SPECT and PET scans is ______
the type of radiotracers used. Both modalities have been combined with CT images resulting in more accurate localization.
