Nuclear Medicine

Question 1

Uses radioactive materials that are “taken up” or absorbed in particular organs or tissues based on their physiology

Answer 1

Nuclear Medicine Imaging

Question 2

Nuclear Medicine is also used to treat some conditions, such as ________

Answer 2

thyroid cancer and monoclonal antibodies

Question 3

The thyroid absorbs _____ in order to produce its hormones

Answer 3

iodine

Question 4

Because it is tied to body functions, radioisotope images are _________.

Answer 4

dynamic and change with time

Question 5

Must be gamma emitters in order to penetrate the body to be detected by the equipment

Answer 5

Radioisotopes

Question 6

The usable energy range for radioistopes ______.

Answer 6

is 80-200 kev

Question 7

The effective T½ is shorter than actual T½ because ______

Answer 7

the isotope is gradually eliminated from the patient’s body

Question 8

Used to image the thyroid?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 8

Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)

Question 9

Used to demonstrate myocardial ischemia?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 9

Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)

Question 10

Used for lung ventilation studies?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 10

Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)

Question 11

can be coupled to phosphate compounds which make it useful for bone, liver & brain scans?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 11

Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)

Question 12

can be used to localize inflammation and tumor activity?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 12

Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)

Question 13

Most commonly used radionuclide in PET imaging?
Iodine 123 (T½ of 13 hours)
Thalium 201 (T½ of 3 days)
Xenon 129 (gas) (T½ of 5 days)
Technitium 99m (T½ of 6 hours)
Gallium 67 (T½ of 78 hours)
Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Answer 13

Fluorine 18 (T½ of 110 min)

Question 14

Utilizes an isotope which emits positrons which are unstable

Answer 14

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 15

The 18F is tagged to ________, which is a glucose analog and is taken up in parts of the body using glucose (Brain, muscle and high metabolic tumors)

Answer 15

FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG)
best available tracer for detecting cancer and its metastatic spread in the body.

Question 16

A positron will then interact with an electron in an

Answer 16

annihilation reaction
(like in Pair production)

Question 17

annihilation reaction

Answer 17

Two photons of .511 MeV travel in opposite directions

Question 18

is taken up by rapidly dividing cells. This tracer has a greater specificity for rapidly dividing cells. Unfortunately there are some methods of cellular replication that FLT misses, leading to false-negative results. FLT is currently being evaluated as a method to determine smaller areas that should be targeted for additional treatment following initial treatment
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)

Answer 18

18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)

Question 19

is a radioactive tracer that can identify hypoxic areas within tumor cells potentially providing details for targeting a potential area for recurrence
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)

Answer 19

Cu-ATSM

Question 20

has been designed to demonstrate hypoxia which is associated with radiation resistance
A. 18F-Fluorothyidine (FLT)
B. Cu-ATSM
C. 18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)

Answer 20

18F - Fluuoromisonidazole (F-MISO)

Question 21

Currently, the main drawback of PET is

Answer 21

its limited resolution for detecting tumors or lymph nodes with a small diameter (generally <1 cm).

Question 22

has become the primary imaging tool for the staging of most cancers.

Answer 22

PET/CT scanner
A combination scanner that produces both PET and CT images of the same body regions in one examination

Question 23

are primarily used to diagnose and track the progression of heart disease, such as blocked coronary arteries. There are also radiotracers to detect disorders in bone, gall bladder disease and intestinal bleeding.

Answer 23

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scans

Question 24

have recently become available for aiding in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease in the brain, and distinguishing this malady from other anatomically-related movement disorders and dementias.

Answer 24

SPECT agents

Question 25

provide three-dimensional (tomographic) images of the distribution of radioactive tracer molecules that have been introduced into the patient’s body.

Answer 25

SPECT imaging instruments

Question 26

have gamma camera detectors that can detect the gamma ray emissions from the tracers that have been injected into the patient. Gamma rays are a form of light that moves at a different wavelength than visible light.

Answer 26

SPECT imagers

Question 27

The main difference between SPECT and PET scans is ______

Answer 27

the type of radiotracers used. Both modalities have been combined with CT images resulting in more accurate localization.