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Echo Registry Review > Wk 3 Terry Reynold *CM > Flashcards

Wk 3 Terry Reynold *CM Flashcards

1
Q

A maneuver that increases the obstruction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is:

A. Leg raising
B. Standing to supine
C. Valsalva
D. Inspiration

A

C. Valsalva

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2
Q

Possible pharmacologic treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy include:

A. Propanolol
B. Epinephrine
C. Dobutamine
D. Lasix

A

A. Propanolol

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3
Q

A pressure overload of the right ventricle may produce all the following echocardiographic findings EXCEPT:

A. D-shaped left ventricle
B. Right ventricular dilatation
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy
D. Small, protected right ventricle

A

D. Small, protected right ventricle

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4
Q
  1. The cardiac involvement associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is:

A. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

C. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy

D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

A. Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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5
Q
  1. Common echocardiographic/Doppler findings in systemic lupus erythematosus include:

A. Aortic dissection
B. Granular appearance of the myocardium

C. Pericarditis
D. Valvular aortic stenosis

A

C. Pericarditis

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6
Q
  1. Possible echocardiographic findings in sarcoid heart disease include:

A. Assymetric septal hypertrophy
B. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy

C. Dilatation of the ascending aorta
D. Posterobasal aneurism

A

D. Posterobasal aneurism

*note:

  • may cause granuloma formation within the myocardial wall
  • cause progressive HF
  • sometimes affects cardiac rhythm
  • starts out with LV wall thickening but later demonstrates contractility problems and thinning of the walls related to dilated CM
  • PHTN is usually present
  • grade1 DD
  • can lead to ventricular aneurysm
  • clinical symptoms: fatigue, malaise, pulmonary infiltrate, hyperkalemia
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7
Q
  1. The cardiomyopathy with which cardiac hemochromatosis is most often associated is:

A. Dilated
B. Hypertrophic
C. Idiopathic
D. Subaortic

A

A. Dilated

*Note: Cardiac hemochromatosis is characterized by a dilated cardiomyopathy with dilated ventricles, reduced ejection fraction, and reduced fractional shortening. Deposition of iron may occur in the entire cardiac conduction system, especially the atrioventricular node.

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8
Q
  1. The echocardiographic features of amyloidosis include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Dilatation of the ascending aorta
B. Increased ventricular wall thickness
C. Multivalvular regurgitation
D. Pericardial effusion

A

A. Dilatation of the ascending aorta

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9
Q
  1. Possible causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Alcohol
B. Amyloidosis
C. Hemochromatosis
D. Sarcoidosis

A

A. Alcohol

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10
Q
  1. The most common cause of primary dilated cardiomyopathy is:

A. Adriamyacin toxicity

B. CAD
C. Hemochromatosis
D. Idiopathic

A

D. Idiopathic

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11
Q
  1. Echocardiographic findings in dilated cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Apical mural thrombus
B. Dilated ventricular cavities
C. Enlarged atrial cavities
D. Increased mitral valve leaflet excursion

A

D. Increased mitral valve leaflet excursion

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12
Q

!!!

  1. A common late complication associated with dilated cardiomyopathy is:

A. Infective endocarditis

B. MR
C. Systemic emboli
D. Ventricular gallops

A

C. Systemic emboli

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13
Q
  1. Functional classifications of cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Dilated (congestive)

B. Hypertrophic
C. Non-dilated
D. Restrictive

A

C. Non-dilated

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14
Q

!!!

  1. The most common etiology of secondary, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in the Western world is:

A. Alcohol
B. Infection (e.g., viral)
C. Chemotherapy
D. Pregnancy (postpartum)

A

A. Alcohol

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15
Q

*339. The most common regurgitation found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is:

A. Aortic insufficiency
B. MR
C. Pulmonary insufficiency
D. Tricuspid regurgitation

A

B. MR

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16
Q

*338. Characteristics signs of decreased stroke volume on M-mode include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Decreased D-E excursion of the mitral valve
B. Gradual closure of the aortic valve during systole

C. Increased “a” dip of the pulmonic valve
D. Increased mitral valve E-point septal separation

A

C. Increased “a” dip of the pulmonic valve

*loss of a dip indicate PHTN

17
Q

!!!

  1. A common mitral valve finding of dilated cadiomyopathy in two-dimensional echocardiography is:

A. Decreased E septal separation
B. Reverse diastolic doming
C. Incomplete closure of the mitral valve

D. Premature closure of the mitral valve

A

C. Incomplete closure of the mitral valve

18
Q

!!!

  1. Early in the disease stage, the usual Doppler mitral inflow pattern in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy demonstrates:

A. Abnormal compliance pattern

B. Abnormal relaxation pattern

C. Normal pattern
D. Pseudonormal pattern

A

B. Abnormal relaxation pattern

19
Q

!!!

  1. The characteristics shape of the left ventricular in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is:

A. Elongated
B. Rectangular
C. Spherical
D. Triangular

A

C. Spherical

20
Q

!!!

  1. Characteristics findings in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Assymetric septal hypertrophy
B. Dilated, poorly contracting left ventricle

C. Low cardiac output
D. High intracardiac pressures

A

A. Assymetric septal hypertrophy

21
Q
  1. A speckled or ground-glass appearance of the ventricular septum seen two- dimensional echocardiography is found in:

A. Constrictive Pericarditis
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

22
Q
  1. The pulsed-wave Doppler mitral flow pattern most often associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is stage:

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

A

A. I

23
Q

!!! flag question

  1. Pulsed-wave and color flow Doppler are useful in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in all the following ways EXCEPT:

A. Aid in guiding the continuous- wave Doppler beam
B. Determine the presence and severity and severity of mitral regurgitation

C. Help distinguish left ventricular outflow tract flow from mitral regurgitation

D. Quantitate the severity of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

A

D. Quantitate the severity of the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

24
Q
  1. Common two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

*A. Endocardial plaqueing of the interventricular septum

B. Left atrial enlargement
C. Left ventricular enlargement
D. Thickening of the anterior mitral valve leaflet

A

C. Left ventricular enlargement

*LV cavity becomes smaller due to hypertrophy of the LV wall

25
Q

*329. M-mode findings associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy
B. Mid-systolic notching of the aortic valve
C. Mid-systolic notching of the pulmonary valve

D. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve

A

C. Mid-systolic notching of the pulmonary valve

26
Q
  1. A systolic high-velocity, late-peaking, dagger-shaped, continuous-wave Doppler signal is obtained. The most likely diagnosis is:

A. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Tricuspid regurgitation
D. Valvular aortic stenosis

A

A. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

27
Q

*327. A hallmark M-mode aortic valve finding in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is aortic valve:

A. Diastolic flutter
B. Fenestration
C. Mid-systolic notching

D. Vegetation

A

C. Mid-systolic notching

28
Q
  1. The mitral valve finding most strongly associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is mitral valve:

A. Aneurism
B. Fenestration
C. Flail leaflet
D. Systolic anterior motion

A

D. Systolic anterior motion

29
Q
  1. With M-mode echocardiography, asymmetric septal hypertrophy is present when the interventricular septum to posterior wall ratio is:

A. greater than or equal to 0:1

B. greater than or equal to 1:1

C. greater than or equal to 1.2:1

D. greater than or equal to 1.3:1

A

D. greater than or equal to 1.3:1

30
Q

!!! flag question

  1. A common electrocardiographic finding in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is:

A. Depressed ST segments
B. Elevated ST segments
C. Left ventricular hypertrophy

D. Right ventricular hypertrophy

A

C. Left ventricular hypertrophy

31
Q

***323. A more appropriate name for idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) is:

A. Aortic tunnel disease (ATD)
B. Discrete subaortic valve stenosis (DSS)

C. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

D. Subaortic hourglass deformity (SHD)

A

C. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

32
Q

What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?

A

dilated CM

*Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common type, occurring mostly in adults younger than 50

33
Q

a rare type of cardiomyopathy that affects older people most often

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

In this type of cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes less elastic which prevents the heart from stretching properly. This limits the amount of blood that can fill the heart’s chambers.

*note: It can be caused by other diseases such as hemochromatosis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, connective tissue disorders or eosinophilic heart disease.

34
Q

an uncommon form of heart failure that happens during the last month of pregnancy or up to five months after giving birth

A

peripartum CM

35
Q

ASH stands for

A

asymmetric septal hypertrophy

36
Q

1 identified cause of dilated CM

A

chronic alcohol abuse

37
Q

most common infiltrative disorder

A

amyloidosis

38
Q

What is EPSS ?

A

The E-Point Septal Separation (EPSS) is an easy measurement to obtain that is accurate in estimating the LVEF. EPSS is measured in the parasternal long axis view (PLAX) of the heart, which gives a view of the left ventricle and is often used to assess its function.

39
Q

acute, transient, stress-induced CM characterized by “apical ballooning”

apical dyskinesis with dilatation, but reserved dimensions and function of the cardiac base

A

Takotsubo CM

Echo Registry Review (25 decks)

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