wk 3- rehab: immobilisation/taping

Question 1

peace stands for

Answer 1

protect
elevations
avoid anti flam
compression
educate

Question 2

what does exercise as rehab do

Answer 2

1. stimulates tissue repair and remodelling
2. alters biomechanics
3. exercise induced hypoalgesia (transient)

Question 3

what is mobilisation and maniulation good for (manual therapy)

Answer 3

joints

Question 4

what is massage and myofascial release good for

Answer 4

soft tissue

Question 5

what is dry needling good for

Answer 5

nerve

Question 6

how long do muscle injuries need to be immobilised for

Answer 6

2 days approx

Question 7

how long do ligament sprains need to be immobilised for

Answer 7

approx 10 days

Question 8

conditions that require immobilisation/bracing

Answer 8

ankle sprains
fractures of foot/ankle
achilles tendon injuries
tibialis posterior dysfunction

Question 9

grading an ankle sprain

Answer 9

1- mild: minimal tenderness and swelling from micro tears of ligament fibres (taping or air stirrup)

2- mod: moderate tenderness/swelling and decreased ROM or instability from complete tears of some fibres (cam walker)

3- severe: significant tenderness/swelling and instability from complete rupture of ligament (surgery or CAM walker)

Question 10

what does an airform stirrup do

Answer 10

good for acute phase injury rehab
provides stability, compression and swelling control

Question 11

what is a rebound hinged ankle brace good for

Answer 11

stpe down from CAM walker, good for grade 2/3

Question 12

what is a ASO brace good for

Answer 12

plastic stirrups and figure 6 and reverse figure 6 straps

good for people with allergies to tape or not wanting to tape for prevention

Question 13

what type of CAM walker to use for forefoot fracture and other options

Answer 13

fracture distal to talonavicular joint - use low top walker with or without arch

cast or soft cast

rigid sole post op shoe with rocker

or high top if unsure

Question 14

options for ankle fracture

Answer 14

proximal to talonavicular joint fracture

cast

high top CAM walker

Question 15

positives and negatives of CAM walkers

Answer 15

P:
-removable for hygiene, inspection and exercises
-adjustable
-rocker sole assists

N:
-non compliant patients
-costs

Question 16

types of CAM walkers

Answer 16

-standard
-inflatable
-circumferential
-ROM

Question 17

reasons for knee bracing

Answer 17

1. ligament injury
2. knee OA

Question 18

types of acute knee bracing and what do they do

Answer 18

zimmer splint
richard splint
ROM

immobilise
stabilise
limit and control movement

Question 19

types of knee braces for chronic injuries

Answer 19

1. CTi (OTC and custom)
2. flex sport
3. hinged knee sleeves

compensate for ligament insufficiency
functional knee bracing

Question 20

what can rigid taping do

Answer 20

1. reduce pain/swelling
2. limit ROM
3. builds confidence
4. correct biomechanics
5. muscle inhibition/facilitation
6. proprioception

Question 21

how long does the mechanical support last for rigid tape

Answer 21

10-20mins

joint support, alignment and biomechanical correction

Question 22

what does low dye do

Answer 22

• reduces muscle activity of tib post, ant and peroneus longus
  -reduce midfoot mobility
  -increase arch height
  -alter ankle motion

Question 23

tape and neuromusular effects

Answer 23

tape applied across the ling of muscle fibres may inhibit

tape applied in line with muscle fibres may facilitate

-not completely confirmed

Question 24

how does tape increase proprioception

Answer 24

stimulation of cutaneous receptors and muscle/joint mechanirecptors which causes an earlier activation of protective muscle reflex arc

Question 25

kinesio taping is mainly used for what benefits

Answer 25

removal of swelling through enhanced lymphatic drainge (high/low concentrations)

but can also be used for
proprioception
assist motion

Question 26

main types of taping

Answer 26

1. anti pronation
   augumented low dye
2. anti inversion
   stirrups/6s/heel lock
3. achilles tendon (rigid or kinesio)

Question 27

kinesio tape

Answer 27

round corners
no tension in first or last 2.5-5cm of tape
dont use stretch
doesnt stick to itself

Question 28

taping is contraindicated in

Answer 28

allergies
frail skin(elderly)
diabetes
neurological/circulatory issues
infection
broken skin