Wk 3 & 4 Flashcards
Factors of Health outcomes p48
Health behaviors
Environmental determinants
Clinical care (20%)
Social and Economic factors (largest factor)
Drivers of Health
Economic stability: poverty, employment, food security,, housing stability.
Education: H.S. graduation, enrollment in higher education, language and literacy, early childhood education & development
Social and Community Context: Social cohesion, civic participation, discrimination, incarceration
Health and Health Care: Access to health care, access to primary care, health literacy
Neighborhood and built environment: Access to healthy food. Quality of housing. Crime and violence. Environmental conditions
Health disparity
Difference in health outcomes and their causes among groups of people
SDOH
Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. Shaped by power, money, and resources at the global, national, and local levels.
Health Equity
attainment of the highest level of health for all people. Requires policy interventions that level the playing field and remove obstacles created by factors including poverty, and discrimination.
Health factors
Health behaviors (30%): tobacco use, diet and exercise, alcohol and drug use, sexual activity. Clinical Care (20%): Access to care, Quality to care Social and economic factors (40%): Education, employment, Income, Family and social support, Community safety. Physical environment (10%): Air and water quality, Housing and transit.
What drives disparities?
gender bias, stereotyping, unconscious bias, and structural racism.
What is allostatic load?
the culmulative wear and tear on the body’s systems owing to repeated adaptation to stressors.
Cultural humility
component of cultural competency. Involves ongoing self-reflection, about one’s attitudes, values, beliefs, communications, and behaviors.
Accountable care organizations (ACOs) pg79 & 88
They are integrated groups of providers that include hospitals, physicians, and post-discharge care delivery organization that work together to deliver coordinated care that is focused on quality, efficiency, and value.
Hep control cost:
Bundled payments
Valued based programs
-reward health care providers with incentive payments for the quality of care they give to Medicare beneficiaries.
Medicaid
- State controlled, but federally contributed
- Covers low income families, people receiving SSI, and children or pregnant women whose family income is at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level.
Medicare pg.81
-Funded by social security tax, covers 80% of costs
-Federally controlled
-Provides coverage to elderly, nonelderly disabled people, ESRD who need dialysis or kidney transplant
4 parts:
-A: hospital/facility insurance; provided to all individuals >65 as long as they have paid at least 10yrs of Medicare taxes (all others pay a monthly premium)
-B: outpatient expanses: physician appointments, medical equipment, lab tests, preventative care. This part is optional, and paid for partly by tax revenues and premium contributions
-C (Medicare advantage): additional choices in coverage through managed care organizations.
-D: provides prescription drug coverage and assists with payment for outpatient medications.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act pg.79 (ACA)
Obamacare:
- ensure healthcare access to all Americans.
- Provided funding for EHR
- sought to create greater efficiency, quality, and transparency in the health care system
High deductible health plan (HDHP) pg 82
Lower premiums, high deductible (at least 1,350 for individuals or 2,700 for families)
Payments are paid out of pocket for services until the deductible is reached (except for preventive services, which are covered in full)
-Total yearly out-of-pocket expenses related to in-network services (including deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance) are limited to 6650 for an individual or 13300 for a family
