Wk 2 surface anatomy Flashcards
What are depressions
fossae
What are the techniques to examine patient surface anatomy?
visual
palpation
percussion
ausculation
Bony landmarks
soft tissue landmarks
umbilicus (variable), scars, tattoos
How many segments are in the vertebrae
12 thoracic segments
what ribs join the sternum?
1-7 (true ribs)
What ribs join the 7th to join the sternum?
8-10
What ribs attach to posterior spine
11 and 12 floating ribs
What forms the inferior boundary of the thorax?
Left and right costal margins of the rib cage
Where do the costal margins join?
Infrasternal angle (costal arch)
What is the Suprasternal (jugular notch) ?
depression on the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum between the medial ends of the clavicle
What is the Mammary or midclavicular line?
Line which runs vertically downward from a point midway between the centre of the jugular notch and the tip of the acromion.
Parasternal
Midway between the lateral sternal and the mammary lines
Midsternal is what
It is the middle line of the sternum
Lateral Sternal?
Along the sternal margin apparently
What are the openings for the diaphragm?
Caval: through the central tendon
Oesophageal hiatus: posterior part of diaphragm L of the central tendon
aortic hiatus: posterior, between L R crus
Four abdominal quadrants
R upper Q
R Lower Q
L Lower quadrant fossa
L upper quadrant fossa
Nine abdominal regions
Two horizontal Two sagittal
Transpyloric inf of L1
Transtubercular L5
What are the superior 3 of nine abdominal regions?
R upper hypochondrium
epigastrium
L hypochondrium
What are the mid-3 of nine abdominal regions?
Right Lateral (lumbar)
umbilical
Left Lateral
What are the inferior 3 of nine abdominal regions?
Right Inguinal
hypogastrium (pubic)
Left inguinal (iliac)
Xiphoid tip
T9-T10
easily palpated
sup ant of diaphragm
inferior costal rib margin
L2-L3
locate superior organs of the abdomen
Iliac Crest
L4-L5
upper portion of ilium
indicates midabdomen
Anterior superior iliac spine
pelvis positioning
Greater trochanter
sup to symphysis pubis
symphysis pubis
anterior junction of two pelvic bones
Ischial tuberosity
Where does the oesophagus lie
posterior to the trachea
Inf end of laryngopharynx, through mediastinum ant to vertebral column C6, pierces through oesophageal hiatus T10. Ends at Cardia T11
Where is the stomach located?
inferior to diaphragm
what is the shape of the stomach affected by:
phase of gastric digestion
state of surrounding viscera
amount/character of contents
Where is the duodenum
sup part horizontal extending from pylorus to right lateral line. descending part medial to R lateral line from transpyloric line to midway between transpyloric and transtubercular lines
What are the regions in the Large Intestine?
Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
What is the kidney composed of
renal cortex and medulla
What is the function of the ureters?
paired muscular tubes that transport urine to the urinary bladder
Where is the Liver situated?
inf to diaphragm in upper abdominal cavity
where does the liver receive blood from?
Hepatic artery = oxygenated
Hepatic portal vein = deoxygenated from small intestine contains nutrients
What is the portal vein formed by?
sup and inf mesenteric veins and splenic vein
Gall bladder function
transport of bile
what are the unpaired branches of the aorta?
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inf mesenteric artery
What is the smallest branch that supplies the stomach and oesophagus
left gastric artery
What is the largest branch that supplies the spleen and pancreas
Splenic artery
what is the largest vein of the body?
Inferior vena cava
what are lumbar veins
4-5 vessels, collect blood from the posterior abdominal wall
What are gonadal veins
R gv enters anterolateral wall
L gv empties into left renal vein
