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Pharmacology > Wk 13. Antianginal > Flashcards

Wk 13. Antianginal Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What type of angina is caused by coronary spasm?
A

Variant

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2
Q
  1. What kind of angina does not respond to beta-blockers?
A

Variant

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3
Q
  1. Nitrates predominately vasodilate which vessels in low doses? Prevent spasm where?
A

Veins. Coronary arteries.

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4
Q
  1. Headaches due to nitrates can be expected to do what over time?
A

Diminish

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5
Q
  1. What adverse effect is triggered by baroreceptors in response to venous dilation?
A

Reflex tachycardia

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6
Q
  1. What drugs are contraindicated in men who are taking nitrates?
A

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

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7
Q
  1. Which nitrate formulation is recommended for intermittent angina treatment at home?
A

SL nitroglycerin

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8
Q
  1. How are SL nitroglycerin tablets taken?
A

1 Tablet (0.3-0.6 mg) every 5 minutes x 3, Emergency department if angina persists 5 min

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9
Q
  1. What must the nurse check before administering nitroglycerin?
A

Blood pressure and pulse

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10
Q
  1. Why should nitroglycerin paste be removed at night?
A

Prevent tachyphylaxis (tolerance)

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11
Q
  1. How would a dry mouth affect the absorption of nitroglycerin?
A

Slows absorption

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12
Q
  1. Nitrates in low doses decrease afterload or preload? Arterioles or veins?
A

Preload. Veins.

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13
Q
  1. Selective beta-blockers block which receptors at low doses?
A

Beta-1

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14
Q
  1. Beta-blockers decrease three parameters. What are they?
A

Heart rate, blood pressure, contractility

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15
Q
  1. What may beta-blockers mask in diabetes and during allergy shots?
A

Signs of hypoglycemia and allergic reactions.

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16
Q
  1. Which drug given for allergic reactions may be inhibited by beta-blockers?
A

Epinephrine

17
Q
  1. In asthmatics, beta-blockers may cause what symptom? Block what receptor?
A

Bronchoconstriction. Beta-2.

18
Q
  1. Beta-blockers with verapamil or diltiazem can severely decrease which vital sign parameter?
A

Heart rate

19
Q
  1. Abrupt cessation of beta-blockers can lead to excitation or depression of the beta-adrenergic receptors?
A

Excitation

20
Q
  1. Do not give beta-blockers if the pulse is below ____ or the systolic BP is below____.
A

Pulse 50, SBP 90

21
Q
  1. What is the family of calcium-channel blockers which does not include verapamil or diltiazem?
A

Dihydropyridines

22
Q
  1. Calcium-channel blockers vasodilate which blood vessels?
A

Arterioles

23
Q
  1. Calcium-channel blockers decrease afterload or preload?
A

Afterload

24
Q
  1. Dihydropyridines may cause what side effect which can be treated with beta-blockers?
A

Reflex tachycardia

25
Q
  1. Swelling of extremities may be caused by what 2 classes of antihypertensive agents?
A

Nitrates & calcium-channel blockers

26
Q
  1. Calcium-channel blockers are used for what kinds of angina?
A

Stable and variant

27
Q
  1. Vasodilation of arteries reduces afterload or preload?
A

Afterload

28
Q
  1. Digoxin (Lanoxin) is used in heart failure primarily for what effect?
A

Positive inotropic effect

29
Q
  1. What should the nurse do before giving digoxin?
A

Take the apical pulse for 1 minute.

30
Q
  1. What electrolyte competes with digoxin for the receptor?
A

Potassium

31
Q
  1. What are some signs of digitalis toxicity?
A

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, weakness, yellow vision, halos around lights, blurred vision

32
Q
  1. What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
A

Digibind

33
Q
  1. What common drug classes can precipitate digoxin toxicity?
A

Loop and thiazide diuretics

34
Q
  1. What are the effects of alpha-1 activation by catecholamines?
A

Vasoconstriction of arterioles in skin, viscera, & mucous membranes and in veins.

35
Q
  1. What are the effects of beta-1 activation by catecholamines?
A

Increased heart rate, contractility, and conduction rate. Renin release.

36
Q
  1. What are the effects of beta-2 activation in the lungs and liver?
A

Bronchodilation & glycogenolysis.

37
Q
  1. What are the effects of dopamine activation?
A

Renal blood vessel dilation.

38
Q
  1. Which IV continuous drug is used to increase contractility without causing vasoconstriction?
A

Dobutamine (Dobutrex).

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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