Week 1- Questions

Question 1

Define pharmacokinetics.

Answer 1

The study of drug movement throughout the body.

Question 2

The cell membrane is composed of what?

Answer 2

A double layer of molecules known as phospholipids.

Question 3

Name two ions which can pass through channels or pores.

Answer 3

Na+ and K+

Question 4

Define transport system. Is it selective or nonselective?

Answer 4

A system which transports drugs from one side of a cell membrane to another.
Only carries drugs with a particular structure.

Question 5

What type of drug can penetrate a cell membrane?

Answer 5

Lipophilic or lipid-soluble

Question 6

List two types of non-lipid soluble drugs.

Answer 6

Polar molecules and most ions

Question 7

Define polar molecule. They dissolve well in what solvent?

Answer 7

Molecules which have an unequal or uneven distribution of electrons yet no net charge.
Water.

Question 8

Define ion.

Answer 8

Atoms which have a net electrical charge.

Question 9

An acid tends to ionize in what type of environment? A base tends to ionize in what type of environment?

Answer 9

Base.

Acid.

Question 10

Explain ion trapping or pH partitioning.

Answer 10

When there is a pH gradient between two sides of a cell membrane, acidic drugs will ionize and stay on the basic side. Basic drugs will ionize and stay on the acidic side. Ionized drugs do not cross cell membranes.

Question 11

Define absorption.

Answer 11

The movement of drug from its site of administration into the blood.

Question 12

Rapidly dissolving drugs will have what type of onset?

Answer 12

Rapid.

Question 13

An increased surface area for absorption will cause absorption to increase or decrease?

Answer 13

Increase.

Question 14

Drugs are absorbed more rapidly in areas where blood flow is what?

Answer 14

High.

Question 15

What types of drugs are absorbed rapidly through the cell membrane?

Answer 15

Lipophilic or lipid-soluble

Question 16

Delayed gastric emptying may delay the absorption of a drug meant to be absorbed where?

Answer 16

Intestines.

Question 17

Parenteral drugs refer to routes of administration where?

Answer 17

Outside the GI tract.

Question 18

What is the rate of absorption for intravenous administration?

Answer 18

Instantaneous.

Question 19

What is the barrier to intramuscular absorption?

Answer 19

Capillary wall.

Question 20

What types of drugs are absorbed from intramuscular and subcutaneous sites?

Answer 20

Poorly soluble drugs (water-soluble)

Question 21

Which route is the safest for drug administration?

Answer 21

Oral.

Question 22

Define chemically equivalent.

Answer 22

Drugs contain the same amount of the identical chemical compound.

Question 23

Define bioavailability.

Answer 23

Drugs contain the same amount of the identical chemical compound and are absorbed at the same rate and to the same extent.

Question 24

Where are enteric-coated drugs meant to dissolve?

Answer 24

Intestine.

Question 25

Why are sustained-release capsules utilized?

Answer 25

Maintain a steady release of the drug all day.

Question 26

What is the most common mechanism by which drugs enter a cell?

Answer 26

Direct penetration of the membrane

Question 27

Should enteric-coated drugs be crushed? Why or why not?

Answer 27

No, the drug would interact with stomach acids.

Question 28

What does the p-glycoprotein do

Answer 28

It is a transmembrane protein which transports drugs out of the cells back into the blood stream or into lumens such as renal tubules or intestinal lumens.

Question 29

What is a quaternary ammonium compound?

Answer 29

It is a compound with at least one nitrogen atom which has four bonds rather than three bonds. It has a positive charge and is unable to cross most membranes.