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Pharmacology > Wk 13. Anti-Hypertension meds > Flashcards

Wk 13. Anti-Hypertension meds Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What should the nurse check before administering antihypertensives?
A

Blood pressure and pulse

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2
Q
  1. Antihypertensive agents should be given for what period of time?
A

Lifelong

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3
Q
  1. What is the systolic blood pressure range for prehypertension?
A

120-139

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4
Q
  1. What side effect may occur with the coadministration of an antihypertensive drug with another antihypertensive drug or diuretic?
A

Hypotension

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5
Q
  1. Which drug classification is the first-line therapy for hypertension?
A

Thiazides.

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6
Q
  1. How do thiazide diuretics affect blood vessels?
A

Arteriole dilation.

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7
Q
  1. What are three effects of beta-blockers on the heart?
A

Decreased heart rate, AV block, decreased contractility

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8
Q
  1. Name two ways beta-blockers affect diabetic patients.
A

Block glycogenolysis. Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.

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9
Q
  1. What hormone do beta1-blockers block?
A

Renin

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10
Q
  1. What is the suffix for beta-blockers?
A

“olol”

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11
Q
  1. Alpha1-blockers cause what? What disease may they be used for and why? Why are they seldom used?
A

Vasodilation of arterioles and veins. Benign prostatic hypertrophy, because it relaxes the smooth muscle of the prostatic capsule and bladder neck. Increased number of CV events.

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12
Q
  1. By what mechanism do alpha2-agonists decrease blood pressure? What side effects disappear over time?
A

Decrease sympathetic outflow from brainstem and decrease norepinephrine release. Dry mouth and sedation.

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13
Q
  1. Which alpha2-agonist is commonly-used for hypertension that starts during pregnancy?
A

Methyldopa (Aldomet).

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14
Q
  1. Direct-acting vasodilators may cause what two important adverse effects? What drug category is used to prevent this?
A

Reflex tachycardia and renin release. Treat with beta-blockers.

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15
Q
  1. Which calcium channel blockers should not be given with beta-blockers? Why?
A

Diltiazem and verapamil. Suppresses heart function in persons with heart disease.

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16
Q
  1. How does grapefruit juice affect calcium channel blocker serum levels? What are the effects?
A

Raise calcium channel blocker serum levels. Raise heart rates in dihydropyridines and decrease heart rates with verapamil or diltiazem.

17
Q
  1. Direct renin inhibitors prevent what? Why is it used?
A

Renin from binding with the receptor. Hypertension.

18
Q
  1. What is a common electrolyte disturbance caused by ACEIs?
A

Hyperkalemia

19
Q
  1. The patient on an ACEI asks you whether he should use salt or salt substitute. What do you say?
A

Check to make sure that the salt substitute does not have potassium, which may increase potassium levels to an unsafe level.

20
Q
  1. ACEIs cause vasodilation of which blood vessels? Which vasodilates the most?
A

Arterioles and veins. Arterioles.

21
Q
  1. ACEIs and ARBs are the only hypertensive drugs contraindicated for what?
A

Pregnancy

22
Q
  1. Why would a patient be encouraged to lie down prior to the first dose of an ACEI?
A

First dose hypotension

23
Q
  1. What category of diuretics should a person on ACEIs avoid?
A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

24
Q
  1. What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors (ACEIs)
A

“pril”

25
Q
  1. What side effect of ACE inhibitors commonly leads to the discontinuation of these drugs?
A

Persistent, nonproductive cough

26
Q
  1. How do ARBs work?
A

Block angiotensin II receptors.

27
Q
  1. What is the suffix for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?
A

“sartan”

28
Q
  1. What are the adverse effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?
A

Hypotension, fatigue, headache, dizziness, diarrhea, rare angioedema.

29
Q
  1. How does spironolactone (Aldactone) work?
A

Blocks aldosterone receptors

30
Q
  1. Spironolactone (Aldactone) may cause gynecomastia by interfering with what?
A

Steroid hormones like progesterone, androgens, corticosteroids

31
Q
  1. Spironolactone (Aldactone) may cause what electrolyte disturbance?
A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q
  1. How does blocking aldosterone affect the sodium stores of the body? How might this influence lithium?
A

Promotes sodium loss which lowers body sodium stores. Prevents excretion of lithium.

33
Q
  1. Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) vasodilates which blood vessels?
A

Arterioles and veins

34
Q
  1. Why is nitroprusside (Nitropress) used?
A

Emergency treatment of severely elevated blood pressure

35
Q
  1. What blood levels are monitored with sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) use?
A

Thiocyanate levels

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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