Winter Quarter 2024/25 Flashcards
1
Q
hard format
A
printed/physical piece
2
Q
soft format
A
nonprinted/not physical space
3
Q
em space
A
width of capital M, en space is half- used for when smaller/larger spaces are needed between words
4
Q
IBM SlectricTM
A
1961- allowed for change in font/size in the same document
5
Q
Macintosh
A
1984, allowed for graphical user interface, anyone can create and be part of DRT; ran on floppydisc; WYSIWYG
6
Q
WYSIWYG
A
what you see is what you get in terms of graphic interface, so what you look at on screen is a representation of what will print
7
Q
Prior to DRT, workflow production involved…
A
graphic artist, typesetter, proofreader, production artist, prepress, and press
8
Q
Typesetter
A
manually retypes text onto command line prompt display from whatever manuscript they received
9
Q
Production artist
A
would physically lay out the columns of test and film, and take pictures of the layout, before sending to prepress
10
Q
Prepress
A
would make plates from layout
11
Q
pagemaker
A
first page layout software in 1985
12
Q
MAC laser printer
A
1985
13
Q
Quarkxpress
A
after pagemaker, before indesign
14
Q
Modern workflow
A
graphic designer, premedia specialist, and broker/printe
15
Q
Premedia specialist
A
prepresses digital files for print (not always necessary function)
16
Q
first ebook
A
1971
17
Q
softbook
A
1998, the first dedicated eBook reader
18
Q
Microsoft Reader
A
2000, with ClearType technology available on a variety of mobile devices
19
Q
Sony Reader
A
2006, uses an electronic paper display
20
Q
Amazon Kindle
A
2007
21
Q
Epub uses _ interface
A
ZML- reflow-able page layout adjusts to device’s screen size, multimedia, SVG graphics, embedded fonts
22
Q
SVG
A
scalable vector graphic
23
Q
A
portable document format, fixed images, non-reflow
24
Q
AZW
A
file format for Amazon Kindle
25
authors get more profit from print/eBook?
print
26
pricing of physical books
one-time production cost, direct relevance to hard copy price, printed storage and shipping are included in price
27
reader experience w print/ebook
⅓ Americans claim they only read print, ⅓ say they read print and eBooks, and 9% say they read only eBooks
28
kilobyte
1024 bytes
29
megabyte
1024 kilobytes
29
gigabytes
1024 megabytes
30
terabyte
1024 gigabytes
31
binary
hole or no hole/ 1 or 0/ on or off code sequences to read and store content
32
magnetic media
magnetized substance that recorded data on a disc- floppydisc
33
optical storage
uses laser light and a special sensor reader to read data- notable by whirring sound
34
solid state drives
based on electronic circuitry, no moving parts
35
cloud
modern form of storage
36
vector graphics in binary
very few bits of data needed
37
pixelated graphics in binary
have binary code for each individual pixel
38
raster or vector file formats
eps and pdf
39
raster file format
bmp, jpg, png, gif, psd, tif
40
vector file format
svg, ai
41
lossy
a compression technique that does not decompress data back to 100% of the original; results in smaller files, but visual loss; JPEG
42
lossless
decompresses data back to its original form without any loss; GIF, PNG, TIFF, SVG
43
byte
8 bits
44
pixel
picture element- small blocks of color that make up the individual elements of a digital photograph or scanned image
45
the color of each pixel is determined by a...
byte of data
46
bitmap
the map of bit values that represent each pixel
47
most digital cameras and scanners operate in _ bit mode
8
48
color channel
by separating CMYK into individual channels, you can precisely adjust each color for optimal printed output; one channel would mean a solid color print
49
executables
(better known as software programs or applications) a special category of data files containing machine language instructions intended to run on a specific type of CPU, such as an Apple Macintosh or an IBM-compatible Windows PC
50
CPU
central processing unit
51
applets
not used to create documents
52
proproetary
only compatible with the software program that created the file
53
open file formats
can be used by any software company
54
On-the-fly
compression techniques allow a document (typically a pixel-based bitmap) to be stored in compressed format while on disk, and then decompressed almost instantly for viewing, editing or printing (JPEG)
55
20% rule
does not exist- you cannot change something by 20% to avoid copyright infringement
56
Substantially similar
an average person viewing the two works would recognize that the “artistic” expression in one was copied from the other
57
Royalty free
once you pay once, your use is unlimited
58
Fair use
will excuse an otherwise infringing use under certain limited circumstances, including criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research
59
transformatives
may be fair use; a work is transformed in the creation of new information, new aesthetics, or new insights and understanding
60
process for video making
Concept -> script -> storyboard -> filming/artwork creation
61
Gate fold
open a sheet like a gate, and then again like a gate, ending with four panels
61
Dwell time
the amount of time a consumer spends looking at a graphic
62
Roll fold
unfolds like a scroll
63
“Phygital”
the collaboration between physical and digital content, in which we all live, as no one can entirely use one platform or the other
64
Omni-channel marketing
reaching someone through multiple different means/strategies; direct mail, website, email, tv, social media, catalog, publication, radio, paid search, etc
65
Hybrid printing
combines digital and analog printing to take advantage of both, quality and variations, variable data, personalized graphics, spot colors
66
Run length
amount of time prints will be run, and amount of prints produced
67
Sheetfed press configuration
sheets of substrates in piles (skids) are fed into the machines to be printed
68
Web print configuration
printing on a reel of substrates instead of a sheet (could be any substrates)
69
Click charge
the fixed cost to cover maintenance and consumables for a laser print, dependent on print circumstances
70
Cones (eye)
help see color
71
Rods (eye)
help see black/white or low light vision
72
Red color wavelengths
long
73
Green color wavelengths
medium
74
Blue color wavelengths
short
75
D50
(daylight) is the most commonly used light source for reference in the industry, or sometimes D65
76
SWOP
standards for web offset printing
77
ICC profile
international color consortium, which determines how color is translated across input and output devices
78
XMpie
an omnichannel solution (direct mail, email, packaging, publication, PURL)
79
PURL
a personalized uniform resource locator
80
Continuous tone
only happens in a real object, because in the real world, there are unlimited variations and changes across colors and items, and does not need to be broken down by pixels/dots
81
Halftones
require a distinct transition from different values, and the transition is not unlimited the way that continuous tone is- both printed items and screens
82
Direct vs offset
direct printing is when plate goes directly onto the substrate, where as offset printing has an intermediate cylinder, the blanket cylinder; offset can print on rougher substrates
83
Rollers vs cylinders
rollers are smaller than cylinders, they function to add ink and water
84
Fine grained aluminum surface
smaller pores, good resolution, but it is difficult for water to attach
85
Coarse grained aluminum surface
larger pores, easy for water to trap in, lose resolution
86
Negative film
to expose a plate, the image area is exposed, which hardens the polymer in that area and keeps the image area
87
Positive film
to expose a plate, the non image area is exposed, which removes the non image area by getting rid of the polymer
88
CTP
computer to plate plates can be positive or negative working; most of the industry uses a digital process through CTP
89
Finishing by coating with gum arabic (purpose)
to protect the non image areas from oxidation
90
Process-free plates
directly used on press without going through a laser (less durable, must be used right after exposure, lower resolution)
91
Continuous inkjet
has a constant stream of ink ejected, with excess being relocated to the reservoir, and drop on demand printing only ejects ink when needed on page (vs DOD)
92
Solid Ink Density
the darkness of solid ink at 100%, determined by the ink film thickness over a substrate, measured by a densitometer or a sepctrodensitometer
93
Varnish
ink without pigments (clear ink, or ink with no pigments), inline
94
Three aspects of print quality
tone reproduction, color reproduction, mechanical related issues
95
Tone
transition from highlights, midtones, shadows
96
RIP
raster image processing, or transitioning any file to raster format for print
97
Trapping
a technique where colors that abut or touch are intentionally overlapped to prevent white gaps or misregistration (out-of-alignment) when printed
98
Compound gray
in theory is 50% of each CMYK, but in reality due to imperfect inks, 50% C/K, 40% M/Y
99
Standard viewing conditions
5000K lighting, with neutral walls and surroundings
100
Parallel folds
made parallel to each other, more than one fold
101
Right angle fold
combines with parallel folds to make right angles
102
French fold
folds paper in half, and then in half again
103
Broadside
(longerside) folding folds the longer side of the sheet (IN HALF) first
Flat size vs finished size: flat size is the size of the sheet when unfolded, vs finished size is the size of the folded paper at its smallest
104
Panels vs pages
panels are the number of squares seen when paper is unfolded, where pages account for front and back (2x the number of panels)
105
Flaps
the first pages that fold inwards- ex first sheet to fold inwards in a tri-fold
106
Self mailer
can be sent without envelopes, because it comes with mailing info printed on; cannot put address on the cover, only the middle panel
107
Laser cutting
a digital process without a die tool, which allows for fine detailing, short run, and personalized jobs
108
Printer signature
pages on a press sheet, printed into proper order for fold
109
Creep
occurs when folded pages are stacked inside each other when collating a saddle stitch booklet; the inner pages protrude out due to the thickness of the paper and the fold
110
Saddle stitching
allows for pages to lay open and flat, and allow for crossover without losing content
111
A crossover
when graphics spread across multiple pages
112
Perfect bound books
thick with hardcover, need a spine, and a hinge score (crease between cover and spine)
