GRC 203 Flashcards
(267 cards)
1
Q
color sampler
A
like eyedropper, but holds on to individual samples in their exact location
2
Q
1 bit
A
2 values (2^1)
3
Q
2 bit
A
4 values (2^2)
4
Q
8 bit
A
256 values (2^8)
5
Q
color number value
A
(number of color values based on bits) x (percentage of color in decimal form)
6
Q
effective resolution
A
image resolution / scaling amount (in decimals)
7
Q
RLE (SF, LS)
A
run length encoding, lossless
8
Q
LZW (SF, LS)
A
lemple zip-welch, lossless
9
Q
JPEG (SF, LS, BD)
A
joint photographic experts group, lossy, 8/16 bit depth
10
Q
CCITT (SF, LS)
A
international telegraph/telekeyed consultive committee, lossless
11
Q
ZIP (LS)
A
lossless
12
Q
PSD (SF, BD)
A
photoshop, 8/16 bit depth
13
Q
PNG (BD)
A
8/16 bit depth
14
Q
GIF (SF, LS, BD)
A
graphics interchange format, lossless, 8 bit
15
Q
TIFF (SF, LS, BD)
A
tagged image file format, typically lossless, 8/16/32 bit depth
16
Q
EPS (SF, LS, BD)
A
encapsulated postscript, lossy/lossless, 8 bit depth
17
Q
DCS (SF, LS, BD)
A
desktop color separation, lossy/lossless, 8 bit depth
18
Q
PDS PDF (LS, BD)
A
lossy/lossless cimpression, 8/16 bit depth
19
Q
PDF stand for
A
portable document format
20
Q
preferred method of compression in GRC
A
ZIP, CCITT
21
Q
line art digital image should have a ___ resolution
A
1200, when raster
22
Q
additive color
A
RGB, screen (secondary = CMY)
23
Q
subtractive color
A
CMY, print (secondary = RGB)
24
Q
type = vector or raster
A
vector in AI, not PSD
25
supported color modes in AI
CMYK, RGB, grayscale, spot, varnish
26
global color
updates in any location with the color once it is adjusted in the swatches panel (triangle in corner of swatch)
27
spot color
dot in triangle of swatch
28
hazard symbol on swatch
out of gamut, meaning it cannot be printed, though it is fine on web
29
cube symbol on swatch
out of web, meaning it cannot be used on indexed color mode, increases file size
30
web safe colors
RGB 6 bit (216 colors)
31
hexidecimal colors
go do a practice one
32
AI type tool
point type
33
area type tool
allows for text boxes in paragraph form
34
touch type tool
allows for playful text changes, not for paragraphs
35
why shouldn't you embed images
embeded images cannot have changes made to them, have no symbol (indicator), and make for a larger file
36
default raster effects in AI; how to change
72, changed at the top of the effects panel
37
die lines
unique non-square lines that will be cut out
38
minimum layers must have
guides, die line (top), artwork
39
CC
creative cloud, where payments are needed
40
CS
creative suite, when a one time purchase was necessary
41
rich black offset
40C 100K
42
rich black avoids
streaking
43
rich black digital
30CMK 100K
44
registration black
100CMYK 100varnish 100spot - ONLY for reg marks
45
TAC
total area coverage, calculated by adding percentages of every channel to get value
46
ideal TAC
no more than 300%
47
alternative to copy/paste
file place- when pasting across programs
48
do not need to repackage file if...
changes to layout/color were made in document and document was resaved (NOT if new fonts/graphics were used)
49
packaging instructions
copy fonts and linked graphics, dont update graphic links, include IDML, don't include PDF
50
document vs paper size
sometimes paper size is larger than document/trim, particularly for proofing
51
never have a margin smaller than
3/16 in
52
Jump lines
continue on page ... / continued from page ... (type -> special characters)
53
in prepress, preflight PDF in...
acrobat/pitstop
54
in workflow, preflight in...
Kodak Prinergy, Agfa Apogee, and Esko Preflight
55
GWS
Ghent Workgroup Specifications- recommendations for preflight settings
56
hot folders
when you send to print, raster image processing devices except sent postscript content for print; you canadd hotfolders to these devices for print/preflight specifications that are added automatically
57
how to apply varnish
100M, window, attributes output, attributes overprint fill
58
reversed text
knockout
59
missing links to images
(caution symbol) will rsult in low res (fix: open links panel, upgrade modified links)
60
missing images
(red question mark) needs to be relinked using newest version of the file
61
OPI
open prepress interfae, will create a low res image to swap out for a high res large file used in layout and swap out on the fly during plate making
62
lines should be no smaller than...
0.5 pt
63
hairlines
thinnest line a device can technically print (don't use)
64
CMYK has the most trouble printing
vibrant red and green
65
GWG prefers... (color)
pantone, not converting RGB to CMYK
66
fiery preflight
fonts, spot colors, image resolution, VDP, hairlines over print
67
preflight checks
bleed, make sure CMYK swatches, cut/crease/dieline, any imported color books (might be for coated/uncoated)
68
pagination
how page numbers are ordered
69
right reading
reading correctly, not upside down
70
flat work
requires no folding
71
"up"/"out"
number "up" is the number of things being imposed on one press sheet
72
gripper edge
bottom of sheet, where grippers pull paper through
73
where/why where R marks
reg marks go on all four corners because that is where misreg is most extreme
74
tail edge
opposite of gripper edge, usually where the color bar goes
75
text mark variables
to identify specific press files - contains lab number, username, color separations (last and layered on top of each other), client name, project name, date/time
76
where do TMVs go
text mark variables next to page one
77
$comment
derived from the comment that you type in the print dialog box
78
$color
colors used in the document
79
$customer
costumer ID number specified in the job notes dialog box
80
$date
when the job was last printed to file
81
$side
the press sheet side (A=front B=back)
82
$sig
section number
83
$sigName
the name of the current press run
84
$template
the relative path and name of the signature's template
85
$time
the time the job was output, suing the 24-hour clock
86
stroke in appearances panel
move stroke underneath fill to avoid choke
87
sheetwise
front/back are different
88
collation mark
rectangle added to signatures to help determine what order pages go in
Signature ID
89
signature id
for when many sigs are used
90
side guide
line on edge of page in upper right hand side to make sure that all pages are aligned and fed through the printer straight
91
if pages with white with no TMV...
they are one sided, and you are looking at the back side
92
1/2 of the cost of a print job is
paper
93
head mark
shows top of pages on print sheet, look at bottom right first to determine orientation
94
work and turn
minimizes number of plates where the same plate is used for front and back of press sheet, and sheet is turned on vertical axis (gripper edge is constant but side guide will change)
95
pictographs
20K BC cave paintings 3500 BC Sumerians
96
ideographs
3100 BC for civilization to communicate complex concepts; represented ideas, hieroglyphs
97
phonetic symbols
1300 BC Phoenicians developed symbols for sound
98
Gutenburg
1450 credited with mass produced moveable type to the public, which helped kickstart the Renaissance
99
linotype machine
increased productivity (hot metal)
100
phototype setting
cold, using film to create plates, leading/tracking/kerning easier
101
electronic typsetting
through Apple WISIWYG - 300 DPI, only alternative was typewriter
102
baseline
bottom line that type rests on
103
x-height
height of the shorter letters
103
counter
closed hole in a letter like O
104
descender
height of the lowest reaching letter
105
cap height
some tall letters (not as tall as ascender)
105
bowl
left line in letter a
106
finial
little tail in "t"
107
bar
top of T
108
open counter
top of "y"
109
stem
left line in "p"
110
loop
bubble bottom in"g"
111
link
line connecting bubbles in "g"
112
ear
top of "r"
113
shoulder
middle part of "h"
114
tail
bottom of "y"
115
1 inch = _ points = _ picas
72, 6
116
1pica = _ points
12
117
monospaced lettering
sometimes requires double spacing in order to aid legibility
118
ligatures
connect letters like tt ff, fi (found in open type)
118
proportional lettering
different from monospaced, keeps letters properly spaced, even if the space between them is not exactly equal
119
auto leading
120% of pt size
120
set solid leading
same as pt size
121
manual leading
adjustable, undefined
122
apex
top of "A or M"
123
space after/space before
spacing between paragraphs
123
one line of text should be...
55-60 characters or 9-10 words
124
slab serif
blocky serif
125
blackletter
medieval/gothic
126
typographic quote marks
curly, not to be used for numbers
126
hanging indent
second line of bullet points/numbered lists should always align with first word of sentence (and backslash)
127
prime mark
quotation marks for numbers
128
postscript type 1
screen/printer font (two fonts work together)
129
true type
created by Apple, single file
130
opentype
signle file, cross platform, postscript based, extended character set - 10000 glyphs
131
multiple master fonts
customizable type one fonts whose typeface variables are described by design axis (styles) (may have problems with files)
132
CID
character identifier format - type one font with characters that best firt for east markets, multibyte (may have problems with files)
133
overflow
text does not fit in box
134
how to bold/italicize
not command/buttons, but go find it in the typeface fam
135
rich black is only for...
large black areas, NOT type
136
variable type
allows for customizable type supported by Adobe, could change weight, condensed, etc (characters panel)
137
variable type icon
queen i cant type that go look
138
variable type not on versions older than..
IND 2020, MAC OS 10.13, Opentype 1.8
139
suitcase fusion
can do more than fontbook
140
work and tumble
a work and turn, but on the horizontal axis (gripper edge changes, but not side guide)
141
perfectors
take sheets from one color press to the next, and turn the sheet over as it goes
142
signature lap
intentional overlap of one half of the signature to allow saddle stitch machine grippers to grab and open signature
143
signature lap length
1/4"-1/2"
144
high folio lap
top long lap, because it has higher page numbers
145
low folio lap
bottom long lap, because it has lower page numbers
146
calculate lap size
1/2 center gutter - edge margin
147
creep
as the folded signature gets thicker, the innermost pages get pushed away from binding edge, for large books, this cna be compensated for in imposition
148
shingling
compensates for creep by moving content of innermost pages incrementally toward binding edge/spine
149
skive
for perfect bound books only, the spine of the sig is ground off and glued to a separate cover, must be accommodated for in imposition by making gutters larger
150
saddle stitch imposition has...
zero gutter
151
perfect bound imposition has...
gutter
152
nesting
whem die lines can be arranged to fit nicely
153
off balanced forms
because there is a premium placed on "before the blind" page positioning, publishers will create off balanced books with more pages in front (pages are stuck and glued, requiring bleed to be lessened on other pages for glue to stick)
154
pre printed inserts
blow extra sheets (like ads) into prints using literal air, causing the sheets to fall out
155
bind in cards
preprinted and get stitched in to the spine of magp
156
reads/crossovers
must align (reader/printer spread differs)
157
web growth
expansion of paper after it is printed on a heat set printing press (because of moisture/heat)
158
in line color conflicts
for long runs, make sure color is consistent by checking color bar
159
tags
for audio reading, but not for text (must be in order and properly labeled)
160
two story letter
like a or g
161
navigate to accessibility to lecture
view -> tools -> accessibility
161
large text contrast ratio
3:1
161
ideal text contrast ratio
4.5:1
162
postscript created by
John Warnock
163
PS
postscript, interpretive programming language, non-deterministic, streamed, usually device-dependent, not amenable to fixups/edits, difficult to preview, proprietary color management based on CIE`
164
non-deterministic
interacts with environment, patch relayout
165
PDF
declarative page description language, deterministic, page independent, readily device dependent external print job controls, amenable to fixups/edits, easy to preview, ICC color management, imaging model includes transparency, amenable for use with VDP, basis for international standards
166
PDF 1.1 Acro 2
font subsetting CMYL color space format, external links, multimedia, embed sounds, freereader
167
PDF 1.3 Acro 4
device neutral
168
PDF 1.4 Acro 5
transparency support, accessibility features, opentype
169
PDF 1.5 Acro 6
image/streaming compression, new pricing, layer support,
170
PDF X1/X3
support preflighting, separations/transparency preview
171
PDF 1.6 Acro 7
more features, embed opentype fonts
172
PDF 1.7 Acro 8
3d, security features, ISO
173
Acro 10
portfolio
174
acro 11
VDP, Ghent WG standards
175
GIGO
garbage in garbage out, with pdf/ps
176
ISO
standards written by adobe/industry in 2008 w adobe 1.7
177
ISO-2
2020 as PDF 2.0-formal accessibility support, VDP, color
178
PDFX 1A
defacto professional PDF printing standard, cmyk +spot color, no live transparency, embed/link ICC
179
PDFX3
2002, cmyk , spot, color manage, no transparency, similar to 1A, mostly used in Europe
180
PDFX 2010
cmyk, spot color manage, improve compression, layers (w third party programs), transparency, next gen defacto standard
181
PDFXP
connects to external ICC profile
182
PDFX5
N G PG
183
N
color output is supported via url to output intent ICC
184
G
external graphics output
185
PG
N and G
186
PDF VT
vdp stuff
187
PDFA
archiving pdf files, preserve docs
188
PDFE
never used in print, used for engineering
189
PDFUA
universal access, accessibility definitions + structure
190
AT device
assisted technology
191
distiller
previously PS files would become PDFS via distiller and good for troubleshooting
192
tools to organize pages in Acrobat
rotate/reorder/extract or insert/ measure
193
extract
chooses individual pages out of the bunch for print
194
insert
add a singular page to the whole doc
195
"optimise PDF"
for when files are too big for an email; will lower quality
196
LS
low res
197
making pdf checklist
check tac, color mode, overprinting, rich black areas
198
output preview ; check...
looks at a certain area for object identification, color sep, etc CHECK PRESERVE BLACK
199
convert colors in ... (application)
acrobat
200
flattener preview
sees how objects will look w no transparency and flattened layers
200
raster/vector balance
acro separates doc into continuous tone or line art (text/graphics)
201
ink management
helps combine and output multiple spot colors, particularly a C and U version of the same color onto one plate instead of two; change one spot color from one to another ; organize ink sequence
201
digital printers do/dont trap?
dont
202
accessibility only matters for...
web
203
fat
everything in postscript included
204
thin postscript
everything, but with links to external objects
205
composite color
exactly what is seen on digital print
206
separations color
prints out four sheets of paper for each color separation (in grayscale) ; checks if something is wrong before plate imaging
207
pros of pdf
everyone can open them, often lossless, best for print, fonts embedded, notified about errors before print
208
X
exchange, or print
209
round dot shape
most commonly used, non directional, dot bridging around 75%
210
dot size correlates to...
shade of color
210
euclidean dot shape
simulates film based screen tech ; round-square-round dot (50% are square) ; dot bridging around 50% can be more noticeable ; better for shadow detail
211
dot bridging
when squares touch one another
212
elliptical dot shape
dot bridging split between around 40-60% ; directional ropes/chains are more visible ; can increase moire
213
square dot shape
typically seen on letterpress, poor shadow detail, gives illusion of sharpness
214
novelty/specialty screening
many other dot shapes in use today ; use caution and consider all factors
215
conventional screening
AM measured in lpi on a grid ; size of dot changes, not distance between dots ; smoother for solid and tints ; easier to image in prepress ; less dot gain ; better quality control
216
higher lpi ...
is usually better, except for thin substrates
217
stochastic printing
FM ; mesured in microns (usually 10-30); same size dots, but their spacing changes ; possesses worm holes and maze patterns ; increased detail ; more difficult to image/print ; more dot gain ; avoids moire
218
dot gain
actual dot size - intended dot size
219
moire
weird line patterns on some fabrics, as well as regular substrates if separations are not rotated
220
hybrid screening
uses FM for highlights and shades and AM for midtones ; requires RIP to image
221
if you can see rosettes, line screen needs to increase/decrease?
increase
222
HS screen
high def, AM screen w larger reference dots in the 0-5% ink coverage to stabilize the fienst screen dots (for flexo)
223
shades of gray at different output resolution and screen frequencies
(output resolution(DPI)/ screen frequency (LPI))^squared +1
224
does one dpi = one lpi
one
225
rational angles
traditional screen angles for separations breakdown
226
irrational angles
modern RIPS use irrational angles for screen rotation
227
for high-fi, or other extended color printing...
reuse angles of screens or switch to fm
228
computer to plate
external drum, thermal laser, light laser, chemical/chemical-less
229
slip sheet
avoids fingerprints on plates and gets removed before imaging
230
flexo plate arrangement
four plates on one, then cut (instead of offset, one at a time)
231
plate on press DI
DI (direct imaging): imaged place on press, but not efficient, no VDP, smaller footprint
231
computer to press
digital printing, allows for VDP, inkjet, electrophotographic
232
EP
electrophotographic, high quality, slower, limited sheet size
233
ink jet
good quality, faster, larger sheetsize, scalable
234
prepress
the tasks that ensure a client's project can go to print
235
press
set up the printing system to produce jobs most efficiently
236
Warehousing
printing many more copies so price goes down, and holding on to them for later
237
blueline proof
low-quality, inexpensive, not color-accurate, "for content only," shows type corrections, price changes, layout, pagination, folding, trimming
238
contract proof
color accurate, simulates final product, acts as a contract, high quality/expensive
239
imposition proof
large format, to check imposition, trim, bleed, marks, etc
240
toner
powder ink with a fuser that adheres the ink to the paper using heat, efficient
241
inkjet
inexpensive, supports extended gamut, frequent calibration needed
242
press proofs
used sometimes when large number of proofs needed, expensive, uses all same materials as final print
243
soft proof
calibration and environment are key, look at the monitor to proof, rather than a physical proof
244
choke
bring outer (lighter) color into darker color
245
spread
bring lighter inner color out to darker outer color
246
eye-marks
tell cutters where to cut (black circles)
247
knockout
opposite of overprint- if you remove the top layer, you will see white underneath
248
tint reduction
sometimes trap becomes way too dark, so this makes it more subtle
249
cut-back
for rich blacks, use 100k for trap
249
sliding trap
when trap is on a gradient/multicolor object, trap appearance and spread/choke changes
250
if metallic is first (trap)...
no trap
251
if metallic is last (trap)
trap
252
barcode sizing allowances
between 80%-200%
253
what type of orientation for barcodes
picket-fence, not ladder
254
barcodes may not be (what color)
red
255
distortion factor necessary for...
stick back on plate cylinder makes plate a different size, requiring distortion factor
