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Question 1

What is are the first and second row of the f block elements called?

Answer 1

First row is called Lanthnoids and second row are called actinoids.

Question 2

what are the properties of lantanoids?

Answer 2

Pm is radioactive and synthetic
react with oxygen at room temp and are paramagnetic

Question 3

what are the properties of actinoids

Answer 3

All radioactive and synthetic

Question 4

which group do Lu and Lr prefer to be in

Answer 4

Group 3 as they show the same trends as group 4 in electronegativity, melting point and Atomic radius

Question 5

What is meant by primary and secondry valencies

Answer 5

oxidation and coordination number.

Question 6

What are lewis acids and bases

Answer 6

lewis acids are e acceptors and lewis bases are e donors

Question 7

when can a ligand be classed as an L ligand

Answer 7

Ligands with a lone pair eg CO (lp on C), NH_3. H₂O

Question 8

when can a ligand be classed as an X ligand

Answer 8

With an odd number of electrons in their neutral form eg Cl. to check add a H and see if it makes a suitable compound.

Question 9

Which TM only have 1 4s electron in their configuration

Answer 9

Cr and Cu

Question 10

What is the oxidation state of [CoCl(NH₃)₅]²⁺

^{and how would you work it out}

Answer 10

Co(III)

Question 11

What does the Cyrstal field assume?

Answer 11

The metal is a point of positive charge and the ligand is a point of negative charge

Question 12

describe the splitting in an octahedral complex

Answer 12

The three orbitals at the bottom are -0.4 and the two top are +0.6

Question 13

describe the splitting in tetrahedral

Answer 13

The botton is -0.6 and the top are +0.4

Question 14

When is there a paring energy?

Answer 14

Low spin d⁴ (p) and d⁵ (2p).

Low spin d⁶ (2p) and low spin d⁷ (p)

Question 15

What is the origin of colour in complexes

Answer 15

Splitting of D orbitals. The energy difference between the d orbitals is proportional to a particular wavelenght of light

Question 16

Why are octahedral complex weakly coloured

Answer 16

Octahedral complexes are symmetrical and so are subjected to the laporte rule, so the only transitions which are allowed are p-d. this causes weak absorbtion of light.

Question 17

Why are tetrahedral complexes such as MnO₄^- brightly coloured

Answer 17

Due to charge transfer transitions. Electron transfer from the metal to ligand. This gives rise to strong absorbtion of UV light.

Question 18

How does magnetism effect metals

Answer 18

its affects the dsitribution of electrons. Diamagentic effects are smaller than paramagentic effects. Para swamps the diamagnetic effects.

Question 19

What affects delta Oct

Answer 19

Charge- greater the charge the greater the splitting and therefore greater value of delta Oct.

Ligands - strong field ligands produce high values of delta oct and weak field ligands produce low values.

Oxidations states- higher oxidation states the higher delta oct

Delta oct increases down a group

Question 20

what is linkage isomerism

Answer 20

When the donor atom of at least one the ligands is different eg NO₂ and SCN^-

Question 21

what is coordination isomers

Answer 21

The interchange of ligands

Question 22

What is solvate isomerism

Answer 22

Water ligands go from being in the inner coordination sphere (bonded to metal) to the being in the outer coordination sphere

Question 23

what isomers are a and b

Answer 23

geometric

a is cis and b is trans

Question 24

what is mer and fac isomers

Answer 24

mer is when the ligands are not in the same plane

fac is when they are in the same plane

Question 25

Can octahedral complexes show optical isomerism?

Answer 25

yes with bidentate ligands

Question 26

give an example of bidentate ligands

Answer 26

en , ox^2-, acetate and bipy

Question 27

What kind of ligand is dien

Answer 27

tridentate ligand

Question 28

How do strong field ligands give rise to low spin complexes

Answer 28

strong field ligands are low in electronegativity and produce high values of delta oct which is greater that the paring energy

Question 29

How do you get high spin complexes

Answer 29

Weak field ligands produce low values of delta oct which is lower than the pairing energy