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A+ IT Essentials Notes > Windows Installation > Flashcards

Windows Installation Flashcards

1
Q

What does the OS do when it locates and application?

A

It loads it into the RAM of the computer.

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2
Q

What is an API?

A

Programmers use these sets of guidelines to assure that a new application is compatible with the OS. These sets of guidelines are known as Application Programming Interface.

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3
Q

What is Open Graphics Library ?

A

OpenGL is a cross-platform standard specification for multimedia graphics

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4
Q

What is DirectX?

A

This is a collection of APIs related to multimedia tasks for Microsoft Windows.

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5
Q

What is this referring to? This allows applications from older versions of Windows to operate on newer versions

A

Windows API

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6
Q

What is this referring to? This is a collection of APIs related to development of Java Programming

A

Java APIs

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7
Q

what does x86 architecture?

A

it refers to the processor architecture of the CPU. x86 refers to the 32-bit platform OS.

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8
Q

What does x86-64 mean?

A

This is the 64-bit architecture on a CPU. It refers to the backwards compatible processor architecture. It can handle 64-bit OS and 32-bit OS.

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9
Q

What are the specifications of a desktop OS?

A

1) it supports a single user.
2) it runs single-user applications.
3) it shares files and folders on a small network with limited security.

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10
Q

Which Windows OS had the Aero user interface?

A

Windows Vista

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11
Q

Which Windows platform had the Metro user interface?

A

Windows 8.0

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12
Q

What are the specifications of a Network Operating System?

A

1) It supports multiple users.
2) It runs multi-user applications.
3) It provides increased security compared to desktop operating systems.

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13
Q

What network resources does a NOS provide?

A

1) Server applications like shared databases.
2) Centralized data storage.
3) Centralized repository of user accounts and resources on the network.
4) Network print queue.
5) Redundant storage systems, such as raid and backups.

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14
Q

What is a difference and similarity between Upgrade Assistant and Upgrade Advisor?

A

Upgrade Assistant is used in windows 8.x and Upgrade Advisor is used in Windows 7 and Vista. Both scan the system for hardware and software incompatibility issues in before upgrading to newer editions of the Windows OS.

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15
Q

Can a 32-bit OS be upgraded to a 64-bit OS?

A

No

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16
Q

Can Windows XP be upgraded to Windows 8.1?

A

No

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17
Q

What does User State Migration Tool do?

A

USMT migrates user files and settings to the new OS. USMT version 5 supports data migration from Windows 8, 7 and Vista to Windows 8, 7 and Vista, all 32-bit and 64-bit editions.

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18
Q

What does Windows Easy Transfer do?

A

Migrate personal files and settings from and old computer to a new one. Windows easy transfer cannot back up files on a Windows 8.1 computer for transfer to another computer. To back up and transfer files from a Windows 8.1 computer, manually transfer files using external storage devices.

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19
Q

When should a technician have to perform a clean installation of an OS?

A

1) When a computer is passed from one employee to another.
2) when the OS is corrupt.
3) when the primary hard drive is replaced in a computer.

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20
Q

What is a Master Boot Record?

A

MBR contains information on how the hard drive partitions are organized. MBR is 512 bytes long and contains the boot loader, an executable program that allows a user to choose from from multiple OS’s. MBR is commonly used in BIOS-based firmware. An MBR can have 4 primary partitions, 2TB partition size, no partition table backup, partition and boot data stored in one place, and any computer can boot from MBR

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21
Q

What is a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table?

A

A GUID partition table or GPT makes use of a number of modern techniques to expand on the older MBR partitioning scheme. GPT is commonly used in UEFI firmware. A maximum of 128 partitions can be made in Windows. Maximum partition size of 9.4ZB, stores a partition table backup, partition and boot data stored in multiple locations across the disk, and computer must be UEFI-based and run a 64-bit OS in order to use a GPT.

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22
Q

How many primary partitions can a MBR partitioned disk have?

A

4 partitions

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23
Q

What is an Active Partition?

A

Only found in MBR partition tables. One primary partition per disk can be marked active at one time.

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24
Q

Extended partitions

A

If more than 4 partitions are needed, one can be designated an extended partition. After the extended partition is created up to 23 logical drives (logical partitions) can be created within this extended partition.

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25
Q

What is a dynamic disk?

A

This provides features not supported by basic disks. A dynamic disk has the ability to create volumes that span across multiple disks. The size of partition can be changed after they have been set. even if unallocated space is non-contiguous. Free space can be added from the same disk or a different disk. After a partition has been extended, it cannot be shrunk without deleting the entire partition. Either MBR or GPT can be used as the partition scheme of dynamic disks.

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26
Q

What is File Allocation Table 32 bit?

A

FAT32 Was used in Windows XP and earlier OS versions and supported partition sizes up to 2TB

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27
Q

What is New Technology File System?

A

NTFS supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes in theory. NTFS incorporates system security features and extended attributes. Windows 8.1, Windows 7 and Windows Vista automatically create a partition using the entire hard drive, if the user does not create custom partitions using the New option.

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28
Q

What is exFAT?

A

created to address limitations of FAT and FAT32 and NTFS when formatting USB flash drives, such as file size and directory size. One of the primary advantages of exFAT is that it can support files larger than 4GB

29
Q

What is CDFS?

A

Compact Disc File System was created specifically for optical disk media.

30
Q

what is NFS?

A

Network File System is a network-based file system, that allows file access over the network. NFS is an open standard which allows anyone to implement it.

31
Q

What is Windows SSO authentication?

A

Windows Single-Sign On Authentication allows users to log in once to access all system features versus requiring them to log in each time they need to access an individual resource.

32
Q

What type of user account is created when installing Windows 8.1?

A

Administrator Account

33
Q

What is sysprep?

A

System Preparation Tool along with other deployment tools can be used to install Windows OS’s onto new hardware. It prepares a computer for disk imaging or delivery to a customer, by configuring a computer to create a new computer security identifier (SID) when the computer is restarted. The sysprep tool cleans up user-specific and computer-specific settings and data that must not be copied to a destination computer.

34
Q

What is Remote Installation Services (RIS)?

A

remote network installation software package. The OS installation files are stored on a server so that a client computer can access the files remotely to being the installation. A software package such as Remote Installation Services (RIS) is used to communicated with the client, store the setup files, and provide the necessary instructions for the client to access the setup files, download them, and begin the operation system installation.

35
Q

What type of environment do you need so a RIS can be performed?

A

Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE). For this to work the NIC must be PXE-enabled. This may come from the BIOS or firmware on the NIC. When the computer is started the NIC listens for special instructions on the network to start PXE. If the NIC is not PXE-enabled, thrid party software may be used to load PXE from storage media.

36
Q

A technician wants to install Windows OS on a computer in another department. He is currently busy trying to fix a networking issue with a computer now. What can the technician do to help the situation?

A

He can do a Unattended Installation using Automated Deployment Services (ADS). Typically using a master image that contains a fully configured Windows OS. This is a scripted OS installation that runs Windows Setup locally on the device using an answer file. The two step process includes in phase one: adding OS files and boot instructions to a controller. These are PreImage.bat and populates a partition with Windows installation bootstrap files to capture an image of the partition. The second phase includes: deploying an image running ADS.

37
Q

Which registry key has: information about which file extensions map to a particular application?

A

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

38
Q

Which Windows registry key has: Information, such as desktop settings and history, related to the current user of the PC?

A

HKEY_CURRENT_USER

39
Q

Windows Registry key: HKEY_USERS contains what?

A

information about all users who have logged onto a system.

40
Q

Windows Registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE contains what information?

A

Information relating to the hardware and software

41
Q

Windows Registry key: HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG contain?

A

Information relating to all active devices on a system.

42
Q

Windows Registry key’s are important to what process?

A

Windows boot process

43
Q

does every user on Windows have the same Registry?

A

No. Each user account has a unique section of the Registry.

44
Q

True or False? The Registry is also responsible for recording the location of Dynamic Link Library.

A

Yes. DLL files consist of program code that can be used by different programs to perform common functions. To ensure that a DLL is located by the OS or program, it must be registered.

45
Q

To view drive status, extend partitions, split partitions and assign drive letters where would a technician go?

A

Disk Management Utility

46
Q

What is the default file directory for user files?

A

c:\Users\User_name\

47
Q

what is the default folder for system files?

A

c:\Windows\system32

48
Q

where would you look on a computer if you wanted to find a newly installed 32-bit program?

A

c:\Program Files (x86)

49
Q

What is Windows 8 minimum requirements?

A

1) 1GHz 32-bit or 64-bit processor.
2) 1GB of RAM (32-bit) or 2GB of RAM (64-bit)
3) DirectX 9 supportive graphic card
4) Hard Disk Space: 16GB (32-bit) or 20GB (64-bit)

50
Q

What is Windows 7 and Windows Vista minimum Requirements?

A

1) 1GHz 32-bit or 64-bit
2) 1GB of RAM
3) 128MB graphic card
4) DirectX 9 GPU that supports a Windows Display Driver Model Driver, Pixel Shader 2.0 in hardware, and 32 bits per pixel

51
Q

Which Windows OS has the following:

1) Shake
2) Peek
3) Snap

A

Windows 8.1, 8.0, and 7

52
Q

What are Windows Gadgets?

A

small applications, like games, sticky notes, calendar and clock. You can snap or position gadgets to the sides and corners of the desktop, as well as align them to other gadgets.

53
Q

Which Windows OS has a limited start menu and how do you get to it?

A

Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 both have a limited start menu. You can display it by right-clicking the Start Button.

54
Q

True or False: Windows 8 has a start menu.

A

False. it has a Windows Apps environment called a Start Screen.

55
Q

Explain the similarities and differences between File Explorer and Windows Explorer

A

Both File Explorer and Windows Explorer are file management applications. File Explorer is on Windows 8. Windows 7 has Windows Explorer.

56
Q

What are the basic functions of an OS?

A

1) Control hardware
2) Manage files and folders
3) Provide a user interface
4) Manage Applications

57
Q

What is PnP?

A

The OS manages the interaction between applications and hardware. To access and communicate with each hardware component, the OS uses a program called a device driver. Plug and Play assigns system resources and installs device drivers.

58
Q

What are the two different User Interfaces?

A

1) Command-line interface

2) Graphical user interface (GUI)

59
Q

What are the physical components of a hard drive?

A

1) Actuator Shaft
2) Actuator Arm
3) Spindle
4) Platters/Disks

60
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain what the following represents: This is a gap which defines the boundaries between tracks

A

Intertrack Gap

61
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain what the following represents: A ______ is one complete circle on one side of a platter where data is written and read. A ______ is broken into multiple sectors.

A

Track

62
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is a cluster?

A

Cluster is a group of sectors allocated for data storage. The file system allocates clusters for storage because most files are larger than one sector

63
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is a Sector?

A

A sector is a portion of a track that contains synchronization information, data, and error correcting code (ECC).

64
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is in the trailer portion of a Sector?

A

Error Correcting Code (ECC). This code helps to verify that the data in the Sector was written correctly

65
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is in the Header portion of a Sector?

A

Synchronization Information. This data is used by the drive and the controller to help with data storage.

66
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What are the portions that create a Sector?

A

Header, Data and Trailer

67
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is a Intertrack Gap?

A

This is the gap which defines the boundaries between tracks

68
Q

When referring to the structure of a Hard Drive Platter explain the following: What is a Cylinder?

A

A cylinder is where tracks are in alignment above and below each other on many platters.

69
Q

What is the difference between Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory

A

Volatile memory is a type of storage whose contents are erased when the system’s power is turned off or interrupted. RAM is a great example of Volatile memory. Non-Volatile Memory can hold data even if it is not connected to any power source. An example would be hard drives and flash drives.

A+ IT Essentials Notes (6 decks)

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