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Win 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Does Win 10 Home edition:
-Integration with Microsoft account OneDrive automatic backup
-Windows Defender (AV + Anti-Malware)
-Cortana (talking search tool)

A

Yes, Win 10 Home edition ships with:
-Integration with Microsoft account OneDrive automatic backup
-Windows Defender (AV + Anti-Malware)
-Cortana (talking search tool- DEPRECATED in Win 11)

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2
Q

What versions of Windows can in-place upgrade to 10 and then from 10 to 11?

A

Win 7 and 8.1 (not 8.0) can upgrade in-place to Win 10 (without a full reinstall, keeps your settings, and data intact).

You can then upgrade from Win 10 to 11 in-place. Otherwise, will have to do full reinstall if you want to go directly from Win 8.1/7 to 11.

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3
Q

What extra features does Win 10 Pro have that 10 Home Edition doesn’t?

A

Win 10 Pro has:
Server RDP capabilities
bitLocker - FDE (Full Disk Encryption) - Security Feature
The ability to join and configure Windows Domain/Work Group Policy Control via gpedit.msc

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4
Q

How many CPU’s can Win 10 Pro (and 11 Pro) for Workstation Edition/s support?

A

Win 10 Pro Workstation Edition and Win 11 Pro Workstation Edition support a maximum of 4 CPU’s whereas the Pro versions can only support 2 CPU’s.

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5
Q

What is the benefit of a company buying Win 10/11 Enterprise edition?

A

Win 10/11 Enterprise gives a discount per License when buying in bulk and also includes AppLocker feature which controls what applications can be run on the systems with it installed.

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6
Q

What is the Branch Cache feature and what version of Win 10 + 11 has it?

A

BranchCache is a Windows 10/11 Enterprise feature that allows files to be cached remotely (on site) as opposed to having to being accessed across a WAN connection which would take longer to reach.

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7
Q

What exclusive features does Win 10/11 Enterprise provide above and beyond Win 10/11 Pro?

A

AppLocker - control what apps enterprise PC’s have.
BranchCache - on-system/remote file caching - so caches don’t have to be retrieved over a WAN (which would take longer)
Granular UX (User Xperience) Control: customise the user environment

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8
Q

What Win10/11 version provides granular UX control by allowing you to customise each workstations Apps and environment?

A

Enterprise Edition/Version allows granular UX customisation.

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9
Q

What are the minimum system requirements to install a 32-bit (x86) Win 10 OS?
RAM?
Processor/CPU speed? (GHz)
Direct X version?

A

1GB RAM (as it’s 32-bit version, 2GB for 64-bit versions)
1GHz+ CPU speed
DirectX 9 or better with WDDM driver, minimum of 800x600 resolution.

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10
Q

What are the minimum system requirements to install a 64-bit (x64) Win 10 OS?
RAM?
Processor/CPU speed? (GHz)
Direct X version?

A

2GB RAM (as it’s 64-bit version/x64, 1GB for 32-bit versions/x86)
1GHz+ CPU speed
DirectX 9 or better with WDDM driver, minimum of 800x600 resolution.

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11
Q

Maximum RAM supported by any 32-bit OS?

A

4 GB RAM is the maximum any 32-bit CPU/OS can support.

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12
Q

Does Win 10 Home (basic) Edition support Host and/or Client RDP?
What do other versions support?

A

Home edition only supports Client RDP but NOT Host RDP.

ALL other versions of Windows 10 support BOTH Host and Client RDP.

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13
Q

How much RAM can Win 10 Pro for Workstations support vs Win 10 Pro?

A

Win 10 Pro for Workstations can support up to 6TB of RAM
Win 10 Pro can support up to 2TB of RAM

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14
Q

What is the physical memory limit for the 64-bit (x64) Windows 10 Pro edition?

A

2TB.

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15
Q

Which of the 64-bit (x64) Windows 10 editions provide(s) support for up to 6 TB of physical memory? (Select all that apply)

A

Enterprise and Pro for Workstations: 6TB of RAM.

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16
Q

Which edition(s) of Microsoft Windows 10 include(s) the BitLocker Drive Encryption feature?

A

All Win 10 versions except Home edition have the BitLocker FDE feature.

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17
Q

Which edition of Windows 10 by default does not include the Local Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc)?

A

Home.

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18
Q

An operating system installation type that preserves system settings, personal files, and applications from the older OS version is referred to as what type of upgrade?

A

In-place Upgrade - operating system installation type that preserves system settings, personal files, and applications from the older OS version.

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19
Q

What Microsoft Windows versions can be upgraded to Windows 10 via an in-place upgrade? (2 answers)

A

Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.

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20
Q

What Microsoft Windows version can be upgraded to Windows 11 via an in-place upgrade?

A

Windows 10 is the ONLY versions that can be in-place upgraded to Win 11 (preserves settings, files and apps).

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21
Q

What versions of Windows have kiosk mode?

A

Win 10 Pro for Workstations and higher have Kiosk mode/customise the workstations/user environment.

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22
Q

What is EFS vs FDE (BitLocker)?

A

Encrypted File System (EFS) is used to encrypt individual files and folders and is in-built to the NTFS (New Technology File System) - full drive encryption (FDE) on logout. Support by Win 10 Pro+.

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23
Q

What are group policy’s used for?

A

To centrally manage users and systems. Either on the Active Directory - use gpmc.msc or on the local device - use gpedit.msc

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24
Q

What is the commonly used Windows network directory?

A

Active Directory - network database and services that provide data/services to users.

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25
What's the difference between a Windows Upgrade and Windows Install?
An upgrade/in-place upgrade updates your windows version to a different version and KEEPS all your files, settings, users and applications. Quick format can be used which doesn't overwrite used logical blocks. Start it from inside the current OS. A Windows Install/CLEAN Install reinstalls the full OS and overwrites/zeros any other data on the drive. Full format. Checks for bad/corrupt sectors/memory blocks.
26
If you perform an in-place Windows upgrade and it causes problems what path do you take to revert it back?
Start/Settings/Recovery/Go Back Reverts the OS to a previous version.
27
Should you always check Windows Updates after upgrading or clean installing a new OS version on a system?
Yes as there will likely be additional updates to security features, drivers, apps to make them compatible with the new version of Windows.
28
What is a an example of a CLI (Command Line Interface)?
Command Line Interface e.g. Command Prompt
29
What are the hotkeys required to open a program such as, Command Prompt (cmd), with elevated administrator privileges?
CTRL+SHIFT+Enter Opens a program as admin in Windows.
30
What CMD do you use/type to get a list of CMD prompt prompts?
help for a full list of prompts available and a brief description. You can use: promptName/? for a specific CMD.
31
What does the dir cmd show?
A directory list of every folder and file withing the active file path (the folder you're in). You can change directory with cd \volumeName or cd \folderName
32
How do you change current working directory/folder in CMD prompt?
You can change directory with cd \volumeName or cd \folderName
33
If you're in C:\Users\jszol how do you change the working directory in CMD prompt to C: ?
cd/ or cd../..
34
Is command prompt case sensitive?
No. CMD Prompt is not case sensitive.
35
What cmd do you type to make a directory in given current active directory?
mkdir directoryName or md directoryName
36
What cmd do you type to remove a directory in given current active directory?
rmdir directoryName or rm directoryName
37
How do you delete a file in CMD prompt?
del fileName
38
If you were working at the bottom folder of a 10x nested directory and typed cd... \ .. \.. \.. \.. how many levels up the hierarchy would you go?
5. As there are 5 x ".."
39
How do you return to the top level directory no matter how nested your current working directory is in CMD prompt?
cd/ returns you to the top level of the directory. Usually C:\
40
What does 'hostname' show in CMD prompt terminal?
hostname shows the name of the current System that you are accessing.
41
What does /y do in cmd prompt after a command?
/y SKIPS over the overwrite yes or no? Query.
42
Guess what 'copy' cmd prompt does.
Copy - copies a given fileName
43
What does xcopy -s do?
Copies all files, folders and directories beneath the current working directory.
44
Is robocopy better or worse than xcopy?
Robocopy is better/gives more options than xcopy such as: -interpacket gap (ms) to define how much bandwidth to use when copying across a network so as not to overwhelm/lag the network.
45
What does /r after shutdown time mean?
/r after the shutdown command means restart the pc.
45
What does /t after shutdown time mean?
shutdown /s /t the /t specifies how many seconds to wait nn before shutting the system down.
46
What happens if you execute the cmd prompt cmd: shutdown /r /t 42
The system shuts
47
If you have started a cmd prompt shutdown via shutdown /s /n 232 how do you cancel this shutdown?
shutdown /a cancels any pending shutdowns.
48
What does diskpart do?
Opens a disk partitioning manager in the cmd prompt terminal.
49
What command would you use in cmd prompt to see Windows version info as well as Edition?
winver Opens a panel detailing the OS Edition and version (build number).
50
How do you force a Group Policy Update for a system via cmd prompt without cycling logout/login?
gpupdate /force Forces a GP update
51
How do you see what the Group Policy's and Security Groups the active user is part of in cmd prompt?
gpresult Displays all the Group Policy configuration about the active user and Security Group/s that they are a part of.
52
How do you find your current IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in CMD?
ipconfig Displays all your IP configuration information including: IPv4 address IPv6 address Subnet Mask Default gateway address Link-Local address Can use ipconfig /all for even more information such as DHCP and DNS server information respectively.
53
How do you find your Windows device MAC address in CMD?
ipconfig /all
54
What CMD would you use to test whether your device can reach a given IP address?
ping x.x.x.x Tells you if a link to the IP address can be established as well as how long the round-trip time of sending and receiving data to/from the device took. Sends 4 data packets of 32 bytes each (128 bytes total) to the device which responds with 4 packets of the same size back.
55
What is TTL in regards to a ping CMD?
Time To Live (TTL) is how many device hops the sent (pinged) data packets made between sending the information and reaching the destination IP address. Each hop/device along the network path subtracts 1 from the TTL counter and it starts at 64 by default.
56
What is the importance of assigning a TTL number to every data packet sent via IP?
A Time To Live number being assigned to every data packet of network traffic prevents infinite loops of data and allows for network path troubleshooting by seeing where delays are by using tracert cmd.
57
What happens when a data packets' TTL counter reaches 0?
The data self-destructs and an ICMP response/error message is sent back to the source IP address.
58
What command is used to show network statistics?
netstat netstat -a Shows TCP/UDP info, port numbers, what state each connection is in (e.g. listening/established)
59
What netstat cmd modifier shows all actively connected devices to the system?
netstat -a
60
What does netstat -n show?
-n shows nothing but IP addresses, doesn't resolve IP's to Domain names.
61
What network command would you use to find the IP addresses and CNAME record of a website domain?
nslookup
62
What command is a combination of ping and tracert, included in Windows NT+ later versions?
pathping Runs a tracert (traceroute) to map the network path and then measures the round-trip time and packet loss BETWEEN each hop (ping on steroids)
63
What does ICMP stand for in networking?
Internet Control Message Protocol - used to send error/success messages when communicating with another IP address.
64
What feature would you use to create a customised group of Windows tools?
Microsoft Management Console mmc.exe Is a customisable toolbox to store whatever tools you specifically need to do your job in one easily accessible interface. Centralised management and configuration of a system. Tools are called snap-ins.
65
What are snap-ins a part of in Windows?
MMC. Each management/configuration tool is called a snap-in.
66
What does Event Viewer (eventvwr.msc) show?
Error logs listed by type, time, application. What happened? -> check Event Viewer!
67
What MMC (Microsoft Management Console) snap-in would you add to be able to quickly partition disk drives?
Disk Management Can partition and format drives. diskmgmt.msc
68
What snap-in would you use to schedule a specific script (e.g. a "It's lunch time!" pop up script) at a specific time?
Task Scheduler Can run a script or application at a specific time. taskschd.msc
69
What snap-in would you use to set an alert that triggers if RAM usage reaches 100%?
Performance Monitor Monitor long term detailed system/hardware usage statistics and set customised alerts/traps. Built-in reports of data. perfmon.msc
70
What does the Software Environment section/header of System Information show?
Tasks, pending print jobs, drivers.
71
Where would you look for the system processor on a Windows OS machine?
System Information - details all hardware components such as CPU, how much RAM, etc.
72
What Windows utility would you use to see in-depth hardware resource usage of each running application?
Resource Monitor Shows a detailed view of hardware utilisation broken down into what apps are using what memory, CPU, disk %. resmon.exe
73
What Windows utility would you use as a one stop shop for enabling/disabling all start-up apps and services and turning on safe boot?
System Configuration Centralised management of all things related to OS start-up - apps, services, boot processes msconfig.exe
74
If your system is nearly full what is a utility you can use to delete categories of unnecessary files?
Disk Cleanup Allows you to delete unwanted files by category from your disk thus freeing up space. cleanmgr.exe
75
What would you use to put fragmented files back together to increase read/write speed and free up space on a HDD?
Disk Defragmenter or in CMD line defrag volumeLetter:
76
What is the Windows Registry Editor used by?
Pretty much everything on a Windows based system uses the Windows Registry (MASTER hierarchical database of everything on the system): kernel hardware drivers Security Account Manager (SAM services applications UI Always BACKUP the section of the registry (master database) you plan on editing before making changes!
77
What util. would you use to find kernel information on a Win system?
Registry Editor regedit.exe Always BACKUP the section of the registry (master database) you plan on editing before making changes! Double click to change/edit a value in the registry editor.
78
What control panel applet would you use to change default browser home page on Windows?
Internet Options Allows you to customise your browser settings and security.
79
Where would you configure blocking browser pop ups in Windows?
Internet Options - Privacy tab.
80
Which applet in Windows would you use to turn off/on default Windows features?
Programs and Features.
81
What applet should you use to troubleshoot network connection?
Network and Sharing Center To manage all things network connection related/configurations.
82
What would you use the Indexing Options applet for?
To customise the search process in Windows by adding/removing folders and file types and internet history.
83
How do you configure/customise file explorer in Windows?
Via the File Explorer Options control panel applet.
84
What is the Administrative Tools applet a list of?
A list of system tools that are generally only used by system administrators and technicians. Like Print Management.
85
What control panel applet would you use to adjust how long to wait before turning off the system display?
Control Panel>Power Options
86
Where would you enable a magnifier for users with bad vision on Windows?
Control Panel>Ease of Access Magnifier Narrator High Contrast Colour blindness On screen keyboard
87
Which has more features and is more geared towards advanced end users Control Panel or Settings?
Control Panel has far more features and utilities than Settings (nice simplified UI geared towards basic users and personalising UI).
88
Where would you manage your Microsoft account on Windows?
Settings Modify your Microsoft account, Xbox game bar, customise desktop notifications and colour scheme/themes.
89
How do you hide a "share/fileshare" on a network (insecurely)?
Add a $ to the end.
90
How do you find all available shares/shared resources?
Administrative Tools->Computer Management->Shared folders
91
How do you disconnect from a Windows network share?
Right click the share in This PC and then click Disconnect.
92
How do you configure metered data connection on Windows?
Settings/Network and Internet/Metered Connection Settings/Network and Internet/Data Usage (Win 11)
93
Where would you add an exception of an app in Windows?
Control Panel>System and Security>Windows Defender Firewall>Add an exception
94
What Win 10/Win 11 tool would you use to check system compatibility for an upgrade of Windows?
Win 10 Upgrade Checker/PC Health Check (Win 11) can be run to test your system hardware and make sure it's capable of running the latest edition of Windows (i.e. it meets requirements like speed, ram, TPM 2.0 support).
95
Why stay up to date with OS updates?
Security updates, hotfixes, improvements to OS stability, new features added in updated. Windows software is supported for up to 36 months/3 years after initial release (can check on modern life cycle policy on windows website)
96
In the event that a NTFS user permission and a Share permission for the same user conflict which one is adhered to?
Whichever permission is more restrictive/grants a user least control is adhered to/used when there is a conflict of user permissions.
97
Inherited vs Explicit Permissions? Inherited vs Explicit Permissions which takes priority?
Inherited permissions are passed down from a parent object whereas Explicit Permissions are set explicitly/clearly for a specific share/manually. Explicitly set permissions OVERRIDE all inherited permissions.
98
What's the main difference between EFS (Encryption File System) and BitLocker?
Scope - BitLocker is a an FDE (Full Disk Encryption) technology whereas EFS encrypts on a granular, file by file level. They can be used in tandem for layered/enhanced security. NEITHER BitLocker or EFS are included in Home Edition of Windows (but is in all other versions).
99
What command would you use in the Windows Recovery Console if you keep getting boot errors and need to rebuild the Boot Configuration Database (BCD)?
bootrec /rebuildbcd Rebuilds the Windows boot database and then on next system reboot should be able to find the correct Windows partition to boot from.
100
If an application crashes unexpectedly without an error message where in Windows would you look to investigate the cause?
Event Viewer and or Reliability Monitor (found in Security and Maintenance in Control Panel)
101
What does the Reliability Monitor in Windows show?
The system's history of errors and warnings over time.
102
If you get a low memory warning what do you do?
Check Task Manager for high RAM usage apps and close if needed. Increase the system's Virtual Memory size/paging file size in System>About>Advanced System Settings/Performance/Settings/Virtual Memory
103
What to do when USB Controller Resources Exceeded?
This means the Controller doesn't have enough endpoints (buffers) to support the currently connected USB device/s. Moving the device/s to different USB interface (e.g. USB 1.0 to 2.0) may provide more endpoints. You should try to match USB device versions e.g. 2.0 devices to the same or higher port/interface version.
104
What to do if a system is showing general system failures/instability like software errors, system hangs (freezes)?
Run a full system diagnostic to try to hone in on the cause/s. Run storage and memory check, SFC (System File Check), anti-malware scan.
105
What is power cycling?
Turning something off and on again. This works a lot because it stops a bug in code or prevents an application using too many resources. Memory leak that slowly consumes all available RAM is also fixed by power cycling.
106
How to verify all Windows OS system file integrity?
In cmd prompt as admin: sfc /SCANNOW System File Checker (sfc) Scans and repairs all system files where possible.
107
Where do you find the Windows Restore option?
System>About>System Protection
108
Which exclusive Windows feature allows you to stripe your data across multiple disks by converting the type of disk/drive/volume?
Dynamic Disks - in Disk Management on Windows only allows you to extend, stripe, mirror and shrink drives/volumes.
109
Which version of Windows has the Administrative Tools cpl (control panel) applet and in which version is it called Windows Tools?
Win 10 has Administrative Tools - a list of tools/utils. like task manager, PowerShell, etc. In Win 11 it's called Windows Tools.
110
What are applets called on macOS' version of Control Panel, System Preferences?
Settings panes. macOS settings are a pain!
111
What's the macOS equivalent utility to Task Manager?
Activity Monitor is the macOS Task Finder equivalent. It's found in the Utilities folder.
112
What does net user show on Windows CLI?
net user Shows a list of all users/accounts on the current Windows system. To create a new user: net user userName pw /add
113
How to access Local Users and Groups on Win 10?
Control Panel->Administrative Tool->Computer Management

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