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Missouri Bar > Wills > Flashcards

Wills Flashcards

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1
Q

Intestate

A

Decedent dies without a will
Decedent’s will denied probate
Deceden’ts will doesn’t dispose of all property

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2
Q

Intestate share of surviving spouse w/ Descendants

A

It’s one half or one third, rest to descendants. But UPC says all to spouse if all the decsdendents from the same dude.

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3
Q

Intestate share of surviving spouse w/o desscendants

A

Entire Estate

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4
Q

Intestate distribution MAJORITY RULE - Per Capita with Representation

A

Property divided into equal shares at next generational level (unless all dead). That person then takes their equal share. For dead people at that level, it will pass equally to their issues at the next generational level

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5
Q

Intestate distribution UPC AND MODERN TREND - Per Capita at Each Generation

A

Divide whatever is left among each generational level. Once it’s equally divided among and live and dead, then add back up whats left and divide it equally among the next generational level

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6
Q

Distribution if no spouse or descendents

A

(1) Parents or surviving parent
(2) Brothers and sisters and their descendants
(3) 1/2 to paternal grandparents and 1/2 to maternal grandparents and their descendants (both to one side if no takers on one)
(4) 1/2 to nearest kin on maternal side and 1/2 to nearest kin on paternal side (both to one side if no takers on one)

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7
Q

Nonmarital children in inheritancy cases

A

Always inherit from mother
Inherit from father if (1) marries mother, (2) man adjudicated to be father, (3) after death proved by clear and convincing evidence he’s the father

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8
Q

Uniform Simultaneous Death Act - Not UPC

A

Property disposed of as if he had survived the other if it cannot be determined who died first. Will not apply if you can show who survived longer - even by minutes!!!!

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9
Q

Revised USDA and UPC model

A

Applies 120 hour rule. Must survive other by at least 120 hours in order to take any distribution of the decedent’s property

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10
Q

Disclaimers

A

Beneficiary disclaims their interest. It must be

(1) in writing
(2) irrevocable
(3) filed within nine months of decedent’s death

Can’t disclaim once accepted

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11
Q

Advancement of Intestate Share

A

Lifetime gift intended to be applied against beneficiaries share of donor’s estate.

UPC requires:

(1) must be declared as an advancement
(2) acknowledged by heir in writing

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12
Q

Will definition

A

instrument executed under formalities that directs disposition of a person’s property at death.

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13
Q

Codicil definition

A

supplement to a will that modifies it. Must go through all the same requirements as will formation. Will gets new date of last codicil execution.

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14
Q

Elements to make a will (and codicil)

A

(1) Present intent
(2) capacity
(3) Signed by testator in witnesses presence (conscious presence test)
(4) two writtnesses (UPC: notary only OK)
(5) witnesses sign in testator’s presence

And sometimes

(6) sign at the end of will
(7) publish the will
(8) witnesses sign in presence of each other

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15
Q

UPC - Ignore Harmless Errors

A

If will not executed properly, UPC allows court to ignore harmless errors.

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16
Q

Holographic Wills

A

Will entirely in testator’s handwriting without witnesses. UPC acknowledges these.

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17
Q

Does UPC recognize oral wills?

A

NO

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18
Q

Conflict of law issue - real property, personal property, foreign wills

A

Real property - law of state where property is located
Personal property - law of testator’s domicile at time of death
Foreign will - admissible if executed according to laws of that jurisdiction, state where will was executed

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19
Q

Can beneficiaries sue attorney for negligence?

A

YES - SOL begins on testator’s death not creation of will

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20
Q

Interested witnesses

A

Doesn’t void the will - ok if she isn’t supernumerary or would have taken a similar share had it not been probated. If no excdption that it merely voids the gift to her, but doesn’t void the will

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21
Q

What happens if testator alters will?

A

ineffective unless testator reexecutes the will with proper formalities

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22
Q

Incorporation by Reference

A

Will can incorporate a document into it provided

(1) document in existence at time of execution (UPC going away with this rule)
(2) sufficiently described in the will
(3) will manifests an intent to incorporate it

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23
Q

Pour Over Gifts

A

Testamentary gifts in a will made to an existing revocable trust. Can be changed in lifteime of settlor without changing a will which avoids will formalities

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24
Q

Conditional Wills

A

Conditions must give rise in order for will to be executed. Argue both sides: Should be denied because condition didn’t occur. Shouldn’t be denied because it still shows how testator would have distributed their property had they died

25
Q

Will substitutes - Nonprobate assets that cannot be disposed of by will

A 
life insurance
death benefit plans
property passing by right of survivorship
property held in trust 
deeds
contracts
inter vivos gifts
bank accounts
26
Q

How do you revoke a will?

A

(1) operation of law
(2) subsequent instrument
(3) physical act

27
Q

Marriage following execution of will

A

UPC: new spouse takes intestate share unless

(1) will makes provision for new spouse
(2) ommission was intentional
(3) will made in contemplation of marriage

28
Q

Divorce following execution of will

A

All provisions of former spouse revoked as if they died before testator - even appointments.

29
Q

Child born following execution of will - Pretermitted child

A

child takes an intestate share

30
Q

Revoking will be new will

A

Must exercise formalities of will formation. If the subsequent will does not revoke prior, then they are read together and any inconsistent terms later will prevails

31
Q

Revoking by physical act

A

burn, tear, shread, WITH INTENT to revoke and it is made concurrently

32
Q

Is partial revocation ok?

A

YES - extrinsic evidence allowed to determine whether its partial or full revocation

33
Q

Revocation of Codicil

A

Does not revoke entire will - but revocation of will revokes all codicils.

34
Q

Lost or Destroyed Wills

A

Allowed in if

(1) valid execution
(2) cause of nonproduction
(3) contents of the will

35
Q

Revival of revoked wills

A

Can revive unless shown that testator did not intend to revive

36
Q

Dependent Relative Revocation

A

applies when testator revokes will under mistaken belief that another disposition of his property would be effective, and if he never had the mistaken belief, he wouldn’t have revoked his will. Allows the revocation to fail and will to come back in.

37
Q

UPC - Harmless Error Statute

A

Same as applied to execution applies to revocation.

Propoent can establish by clear and convincing evidence that decedent intended doc to be partial or complete revocation

38
Q

Contract to make a gift in a will

A

Valid - must have

(1) provisions in the will stating provision of K
(2) express refrence in a will to K
(3) writing signed by decedent

39
Q

Anti-Lapse Statutes

A

Beneficiary dies before testator. Statute allows gift to pass beyond deceased to their descendants. Does not apply if will provides otherwise - must be specific as to survivorship under UPC

40
Q

Ademption

A

Failure of gift because it’s no longer in testator’s estate at time of death.

ONLY applies to specific devises - that is gift or property that can only be satisfied by receipt of that particular property (ex. rolex watch).

41
Q

General vs. demonstrative legacy

A

This property is NOT adeemed (ie - if it’s no longer there, there will be a forced sale to make up for it)

General legacy - gift of specific dollar amount paid out of general assets.
Demonstrative legacy - gives a dollar amount but from a specific source

If not enough there it will be satisified by selling other assets - it is not adeemed.

42
Q

Abatement

A

Court will abate assets in the following order in cases where estate assets are not sufficient to pay all CLAIMS against the estate and satisfy general or demonstrative legacys:

Property passing by intestacy
then residual assets
then general legacies
then specific bequests

43
Q

Elective share statute

A

Spouse can elect to take a statutory share of estate versus a taking under the will if they are being fucked over

file notice

44
Q

Permitted Child Statutes

A

Testator can disinherit children. Permitted child statutes protect against accidential ommission. Children will inherit their intestate share unless it can be shown

(1) omission intentional
(2) did something else for that child outside of the will

45
Q

How to contest a will

A

Attack:

(1) defective execution
(2) revocation
(3) lack of capacity
(4) Lack of intent
(5) undue influence
(6) fraud
(7) mistake

46
Q

How much of will defective if contestant successful?

A

Just the parts that were subject to the problem (minus some exceptions)

47
Q

Capacity requirements for will

A

(1) must be 18
(2) mental capacity
(3) Insane delusion

48
Q

What is mental capacity for purposes of capacity requirements?

A

Testator understands

(1) nature of her acts
(2) nature of her property
(3) her bounty
(4) formulate scheme for disposition

49
Q

Undue influence requirements

A

(1) influence exerted
(2) overpower mind and free will
(3) resulting disposition product of undue influence

50
Q

Undue influence presumed in certain relationships

A

confidential relationships

beneficiary involved in drafting and provisions unnaturally favor beneficiary

51
Q

Fraud requirements

A

Testator willfully deceived as to

(1) character or content
(2) facts

52
Q

Mistake in Execution

A

Admit extinsic evidence

53
Q

Mistake in inducement

A

alleged mistake involves reasons that led testator to make the will - no relief granted (Testator thought son was dead and created will, after testator died son returned alive - no relief for son).

54
Q

Mistake as to Conents

A

Mistaken omission - no relief granted
Mistaken in describing beneficiary or property - no relief
Latent or patent ambiguity - extrinsic evidence admissible

55
Q

No contest clauses

A

Valid unless beneficiary had probable cause for bringing the contest

56
Q

Personal representative to administer the will

A

Named in will - executor

Not named in will - administrator

57
Q

Healthcare power of attorney

A

Creation:
In writing
signed
witnessed - but UHCDA does not require witnesses

Agent must act in P’s best interest and good faith.

Revoke by oral or writing.

58
Q

Latent Ambuigty

A

Language in will is clear, but results in a misdecription when applied. EXTRNISIC EVIDENCE ALLOWED (all my shit to my cousin nellie - testator has two cousin nellies)

59
Q

Patent Ambuity

A

Language in will is not clear - EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE ALLOWED (all of my shit to A and/or B. Not clear)

Missouri Bar (15 decks)

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