Williams Regenerative Anemia

Question 1

what is the principal growth factor promoting viability, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid precursors

Answer 1

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 2

***What other hormones are influenced by EPO?

Answer 2

androgens, glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin, and insulin like growth factors= they all ehance the growth of erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

Question 3

severe hypophosphatemia=

Answer 3

RBC lysis

Question 4

Ineffective erythropoiesis potential causes:

Answer 4

Chronic renal failure, endocrine def, anemia of inflamm. dz, iron def, feLV, toxins

Question 5

What are causes of pre analytical errors causing weird coloration of the sample?

Answer 5

Icterus, lipemia, color density

Question 6

What are some causes of intracellular (IN VIVO hemolysis)?

Answer 6

IMHA, babesia, oxidant injury, toxin producing bacteria (clostridium, lepto)

Question 7

in vitro hemolysis causes falsely low ___

Answer 7

PCV

Question 8

What is the order of decreasing blood cells after bone marrow damage?

Answer 8

WBC go down first, then platelets, then RBC (longest life span)

Question 9

What is a common cause of hypochromic anemia (decreased MCHC)???

Answer 9

Fe deficiency

Question 10

Aggregate reticulocytes are young but ____ reticulocytes are old.
Most animals have more what?

Answer 10

punctate; most animals have more AGGREGATE reticulocytes

Question 11

What are some causes of poor to nonregenerative anemia?

Answer 11

Marrow damage, chronic renal failure, endocrine deficiencies, severe Fe def, IMHA

Question 12

What do you expect to see in the bone marrow with regenerative anemia?

Answer 12

Erythroid hyperplasia

Question 13

What is the def of a reticulocyte?

Answer 13

Non nucleated RBC with stainable RNA using new methylene blue staining

Question 14

What are the two types of reticulocytes?

Answer 14

Aggregate (young) reticulocyte with large aggregates of reticulum (polychromatophilic cells)

Punctate (old- day or two old) cells with 2-6 small granules of reticulum

Question 15

Polychromatophilic cells are _____ ____

Answer 15

Aggregate reticulocytes

Question 16

What species has many punctate reticulocytes that circulate for 10-12 days (mature slower)

Answer 16

Cats

Question 17

What species has low numbers of aggregate reticulocytes that mature to punctate in 12 hours?

Answer 17

Cats

Question 18

Normal to have more punctate or aggregate?

Answer 18

AGGREGATE

Question 19

polychromasia of what species is usually absent and polychromasia typically implies regenerative process?

Answer 19

Cattle and goats

Question 20

How can we detect regenerative responses in the horse?

Answer 20

Bone marrow, MCV

Question 21

How long does a regenerative response take?

Answer 21

Reticulocytes during acute blood loss days 1-2 are known as pre-regenerative stages

Day 3 is when it peaks and by day 8 we have regeneration

Question 22

Appropriate rubricytosis–>

Answer 22

• regenerative anemia with accelerated erythropoiesis

- predominated metarubricytes, may see few rubricytes

Question 23

**Canine normal reticulocyte count is

Answer 23

<65 x 10^3/microliter

SO INCREASED RETICULOCYTE IS REGENERATIVE