Clin path Dr. Williams Flashcards
What is the most common type of errors?
Pre-analytical
Always do what two tests?
Always do SPUN hct and PCV
The PCV results must be within 3 points of each other and if not there is a problem with the sample
What can cause in vitro hemolysis?
Traumatic venipuncture, small bore needle, delayed processing, exposure to extreme temps
(falsely decreased hct, PCV, MCV, RBC)
hemolysis outside of the body
What can cause in VIVO hemolysis?
IMHA, babesia, oxidant injury, toxin producing bacteria
Falsely increased MCHC and MCH falsely increase hgb levels but PCV and RBC are accurate
green top=
**lithium heparin- whole blood, plasma
What do we use red top with clot activator and serum separator gel?
serum collection only, no anticoagulant
What is blue top tube used for?
Na Citrate for blood transfusions and tests of the coagulation system (low toxicity)
**PT, PTT, TT
Mix WELL
check for clots
What could happen with underfilling EDTA (purple)
EDTA is hypertonic- underfilling- cells shrinking- decreased MCV and PCV
also check for clots
What two things does EDTA contamination cause?
Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia
why do we remove serum/plasma right after centrifugation?
Pseudohypoglycemia
Diff quick does not reliably stain what type of cells?
Mast cells
In vitro hemolysis causes falsely decreased ____
What happens to sample left on the counter?
PCV;
Sample left on the counter for too long- cells swell
**what are some causes of increased PCV?
Greyhound, dehyd, splenic contraction, hypoxia/shock
***What are some causes of decreased PCV?
excess fluid tx, splenic relaxation, anemia (hemorrhage, hemolysis, decreased production)
What is an example of absolute erythrocytosis? What about relative erythrocytosis?
Absolute-> response to hypoxia, any cause for more oxygen to be going go tissues die to hypoxia
Relative–> Dehydration
- Increased PP and PCV likely means…
2. erythrocytosis is usually secondary to what?
- Dehydration
- hypoxia- altitude sickness- why animals in Colorado have higher PCV- secondary appropriate
but secondary INappropriate if secondary to neoplasia
***What does it usually mean if we have increased PP and normal PCV?
What about normal PP and decreased PCV?
Increased PP and normal PCV–> normal hydration but with inflammation or neoplasia or dehydration with anemia
Normal PP and decreased PCV–> intra or extravascular hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis
***What does it mean if there is decreased PP and PCV?
Blood loss
What is the only infectious agent you can see in platelets?
Anaplasma platys
***What is the main mech involved with thrombocytosis- NOT thrombocytopenia
Inflammation
left shift inflammation means more ____
bands
What does regenerative shift look like in terms of neutrophils?
Neutrophilia or normal amount of neutrophils with more segs than bands
Degenerative shift of neutrophils looks like….
more bands than segmented neutrophils OR neutropenia with segs more than bands
What is the Pelger-Huet Anomaly???
failure of mature granulocyte–> hypo-segmented granulocytes (Australian shepherds)
DO NOT confuse w/ degenerative left shift –look for eosinophils, if hypo-lobulated they have pelger-huet anomaly