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Healthy Populations Exam 3 > Wildlife Zoonoses > Flashcards

Wildlife Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the zoonotic diseases of importance in wildlife?

A

Hanta virus
Plague
Tularemia
Mycobacteriosis (deer & avian)
West Nile Virus

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2
Q

Where is Hanta virus found?

A

Western U.S., in national parks

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3
Q

The primary reservoir host for Hanta virus is:

A

Rodents

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of Hantavirus in infected rodents?

A

Generally none

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5
Q

How is Hantavirus transmitted?

A

Virus affects humans when particles become aerosolized from rodent urine, feces, or saliva and are inhaled through handling rodents

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6
Q

Best method for controlling Hantavirus:

A

Rodent control
Sanitation
Safety precautions (PPE, air purifying filters, carcass disposal, disinfection)

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7
Q

What are the hosts for Tularemia?

A

Terrestrial cycle: rabbits and rodents
Aquatic cycle: muskrats and beavers

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8
Q

How is Tularemia transmitted?

A

Many routes: blood sucking arthropods, ingestion, inhalation, direct contact through skin, wound contamination

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9
Q

Where is Tularemia found generally?

A

Central U.S.

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of tularemia in rabbits?

A

Lethargy, incoordination, occasional mortailty

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11
Q

Necropsy lesions of a rabbit with tularemia?

A

Pinpoint white lesions in liver and spleen, necrotic lymph nodes, pneumonia

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12
Q

What are prevention methods for tularemia in humans?

A

Sanitize
Wear gloves
Control insect vectors

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13
Q

The Plague is caused be:

A

Yersinia pestis

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14
Q

What is the host of the plague?

A

Voles
Grasshopper mouse
Rock squirrels
Prairie dogs
Ground squirrels
Felids
Block-footed ferret

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15
Q

How is the Plague transmitted?

A

Flea bites
Bacteria multiples in flea GI tract

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16
Q

What are the methods for diagnosing plague?

A

Rapid decline of colonial rodents
Provisional: presence of bipolar staining gram - coccobacillus in lymph node aspirates
Definitive: Culture ID, immunohistochemistry

17
Q

What are the best methods for managing plague outbreaks?

A

Tx environment to kill fleas
Widespread eradication of rodent hosts
Local control of rodents close to human habitation
Treat pets for fleas

18
Q

How can we protect public health from plague outbreaks?

A

Use protective clothing
Restrict outdoor activities in areas with active plague
Tx domestic cats for fleas
Educate about clinical signs, esp wildlife personnel

19
Q

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by:

A

Mycobacterium bovis

20
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

Aerosol
Consumption of contaminated feed
Close contact with infected individual or contaminated area
Enhanced by crowding and stress

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of tuberculosis in deer?

A

Chronic disease with weight loss
Yellow-tan pea sized nodules in chest cavity or lungs
SQ swelling/abscesses
Swollen lymph nodes in head and cranial neck region

22
Q

How do we diagnose TB?

A

Necropsy exam and culture for M. bovis
Caudal fold tuberculin test
Comparative cervical test
Use of bovine tests allowed on deer in some states

23
Q

What are the best methods for controlling TB?

A

Reduce deer density through hunting
Keep deer from concentrating by eliminating supplemental feeding and baiting

24
Q

Avian tuberculosis is caused by:

A

Mycobacterium avium

25
Q

How is avian TB transmitted?

A

Fecal contamination
Ingestion
Waste water/sewage
Long-term spore survival in soil
Migratory bird concentrations

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of avian TB?

A

Emaciation
Muscle wasting
Weakness
Occasional diarrhea
Lameness
Dull plumage
Lapsing for breath

27
Q

What are the necropsy findings of a bird with avian TB?

A

Muscle atrophy, multifocal granulomatous nodules in liver, spleen, intestines, lung, air sacs, and gonads

28
Q

How do we diagnose avian TB?

A

Culture, PCR, histopathology

29
Q

What are the challenges of controlling avian TB?

A

Ante-mortem testing difficult; environmental decontamination difficult

30
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for an animal presenting with avian TB?

A

Aspergillosis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

31
Q

Which individuals of the public are most at risk of contracting avian TB?

A

Children
Elderly
Immunocompromised

32
Q

West Nile Virus is an _________-borne virus carried by:

A

Arthropod; mosquitoes

33
Q

The main clinical sign west nile virus causes is:

A

Encephalitis

34
Q

Which species are susceptible to west nile virus?

A

Most commonly: Birds, horses/people considered dead end hosts
Other species: Raccoon, skunk, rabbit, chipmunk, squirrel, bat, deer, cat

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of west nile virus?

A

Fever, ataxia, incoordination, paresis, paralysis, death

36
Q

How do we diagnose west nile virus?

A

Serology, PCR, virus isolation

37
Q

Best methods for preventing west nile virus?

A

Insect repellents, environmental larvacides and adulticides

38
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for an animal presenting with west nile virus?

A

Arboviruses
Newcastle disease
Bacterial/fungal encephalitis
Head trauma
OP/Carbamate pesticides
Lead toxicity

39
Q
A

Healthy Populations Exam 3 (21 decks)

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