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Healthy Populations Exam 3 > Food Safety > Flashcards

Food Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is the USDA definition of food safety?

A

Conditions and practices that preserve the quality of food to prevent contamination and foodborne illness

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2
Q

What is the USDA definition of a food safety hazard?

A

any biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for human consumption

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3
Q

Which organizations are the following hazards monitored by? Mycotoxins, pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals

A

Mycotoxins: FDA
Pesticides: EPA
Industrial chemicals: USDA, FDA, EPA
Heavy metals: FDA

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4
Q

Which congressional act created the HARPC protocol?

A

Food Safety Modernization Act

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5
Q

What foods does FDA regulate?

A

Packaged foods (<3% raw red meat, <2% cooked poultry)
Dairy
Seafood
Processed produce
Eggs
Wild game
Bottled water
Infant formula
Supplements and food additives

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6
Q

What foods does USDA regulate?

A

Meat (beef, pork, lamb)
Processed meat >3%
Poultry
Farmed catfish
Real egg products
Raw fruits and vegetables
Organic

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7
Q

What is the difference between intoxication and infection?

A

Intoxication- toxins produced by bacteria, chemical contamination, environmental toxins (quicker)
Infection- bacteria, parasites, viruses (slower, person to person)

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8
Q

What are some examples of physical hazards?

A

Sharps, choking hazards, filth/dirt, animal food

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9
Q

What two agencies are primarily involved in food safety?

A

FDA, USDA

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10
Q

Who is responsible for international food safety?

A

FAO, WHO

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11
Q

FDA regulates ______% of the US food supply

A

80%

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12
Q

What kinds of things can you find on the FDA website?

A

Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses
Recalls
Safety alerts

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13
Q

What is the mission of the FDA?

A
  1. Ensures nation’s food supply is safe, sanitary and wholesome
  2. Honest labeling
  3. Inspects regulated products and manufacturers
  4. Conducts sample analysis of regulated products
  5. Reviews imported products
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14
Q

What does the center for veterinary medicine monitor?

A

Regulation of animal drugs
Animal foods and feeds (Pets-AAFCO)
Recalls

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15
Q

The USDA duties are assigned by:

A

Congress

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16
Q

Which agency regulates chick breeding ?

A

USDA-APHIS

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17
Q

Which agency oversees egg laying on farms?

A

FDA

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18
Q

Wholesale and retail of eggs is controlled by:

A

FDA

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19
Q

Milk is controlled by:

A

Department of Health and Human services

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20
Q

What is the mission of the USDA with food safety (FSIS)?

A

Conditions and practices that preserve the quality of food to prevent contamination and food-borne illness

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21
Q

Specifically, what is the role of the FSIS?

A
  1. Inspection of meat, poultry, and egg products to prevent contamination
  2. Educates consumers about safe food handling and prep
  3. Product recalls
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22
Q

What is the mission of the USDA with food safety (APHIS)?

A

Vet Services: protects and improves the health, quality, and marketability of animals
One Health Services: Antimicrobial resistance

23
Q

What is the purpose of the CDC?

A

Vital link between foodborne illnesses and the food safety systems of government agencies and food producers

24
Q

Norovirus is generally seen during what time of year?

A

Winter, non-foodborne spread

25
Q

Salmonellosis in humans commonly causes:

A

Diarrhea
Fever
Stomach cramps

26
Q

Severe salmonellosis can cause systemic infections in:

A

Kidneys
Blood
Bones
Joints
Nervous system

27
Q

Salmonella exposure occurs between __________ and symptoms last for about ________ days

A

6 hours- 6 days
4-7 days

28
Q

Should you use antibiotics for salmonellosis?

A

NO (unless septic)

29
Q

Norovirus in humans causes ________ with these more specific clinical signs:

A

Gastroenteritis
Non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain

30
Q

Exposure to Norovirus occurs within ________ and symptoms last for _______ with shedding occuring an additional ______

A

12-48 hours
1-3 days
2 days

31
Q

Where is Norovirus commonly seen?

A

Healthcare facilities
Restaurants/catered food
Schools
Childcare centers

32
Q

What is difficult about the treatment of Norovirus?

A

No vaccine and no treatment
Resistant to many of the common disinfectants

33
Q

Clostridium perfringens type A causes what clinical signs:

A

Diarrhea, stomach cramps, no vomiting

34
Q

Exposure of clostridium perfringens type A occurs between _______ and symptoms last about _____

A

6-24 hours
24 hours

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of Campylobacteriosis in humans?

A

Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Stomach cramps
Nausea, vomiting

36
Q

What is the major complication of campylobacter infections?

A

40% of Guillain Barre patients have had a campylobacter infection

37
Q

Where is staph aureus harbored in humans?

A

Skin, nostrils, lower repro tract females (21-30%)

38
Q

Clinical signs of Staph aureus?

A

Sudden nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, sometimes diarrhea

39
Q

How is staph aureus transmitted?

A

Makes a toxin that causes disease (intoxication)

40
Q

Best way to prevent staph aureus infection?

A

WASH HANDS
Safe food prep

41
Q

What are the 4 steps to food safety?

A

Clean
Separate
Cook
Chill

42
Q

The six pathotypes of diarrhea causing E-coli are transmitted through:

A

Fecal contaminated food or water

43
Q

What is the “shiga toxin”?

A

Toxin produced by E coli O157:H7
Binds to receptors on intestinal cell surfaces to enter cells

44
Q

What clinical signs are seen with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?

A

Gastroenteritis
Enterocolitis
Bloody diarrhea

45
Q

10% of EHEC cases with bloody diarrhea leads to:

A

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

46
Q

Exposure of EHEC is within ______ and symptoms last _____

A

3-4 days
5-7 days

47
Q

EHEC commonly is found in:

A

Warm months
Children <5 years
Uncooked beef
Raw milk and juice

48
Q

How does EHEC affect the villi of the intestine?

A

Attaches to villi
Effacement/breaks down microvilli
“Intimate attachment” - invades cell and produces toxin

49
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis is what type of organism:

A

Apicomplexan protozoan

50
Q

What is the pathophysiology of cyclosporiasis?

A

Frequent watery diarrhea
Stomach cramps
Bloating
Gas

51
Q

What treatment is best for cyclosporiasis?

A

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

52
Q

Cyclosporiasis commonly seen in what foods?

A

Imported fruits and vegetables

53
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with shigellosis?

A

Anything from mild abdominal pain to severe dysentery (cramps, bloody diarrhea, fever, tenesmus)

54
Q
A

Healthy Populations Exam 3 (21 decks)

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