Wildlife, Zoo, and Exotic Animal Management Flashcards
FWS functions
- Enforce federal wildlife laws
- Protect endangered species
- Manage migratory birds
- Restore nationally significant fisheries
- Conserve and restore wildlife habitats such as wetlands
- Help foreign governments with international conservation efforts
- Distribute hundreds of millions of dollars, through our Wildlife Sport Fish and Restoration program
Wildlife rehabilitators
individuals, veterinarians and organizations that have been granted Wildlife Rehabilitation permits/licenses in accordance with state laws (+/- federal laws).
MA Division of Fisheries and Wildlife
Permitted individuals in MA may legally possess and treat birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians.
Exceptions: deer, moose, federally listed species, venomous snakes
rehabilitate
provide care and treatment for sick, injured, debilitated, or orphaned wildlife for the purpose of returning animals to the wild in a condition that enable them to survive independently of humans aid and sustenance
Wildlife rehabilitation permit
allows a person to care for distressed animals for a limited amount of time
Wildlife
Free-living, non-domesticated animals (game and non-game species) (threatened, endangered, and nuisance species)
Zoo
confined/exhibited, non-domesticated animals
Exotic
Confined/owned, non-domesticated “pets” (bird, guinea pig, chinchilla, ferret, lizard, turtle, snake, hedgehog, sugar glider, or non-human primates)
Old Human Wildlife Interaction
Manipulating wild animal populations and their habitats for specific human needs
Old Human Wildlife Interaction
Manipulating wild animal populations and their habitats for specific human needs
New Human Wildlife Interaction
Directing or influencing animal and plant ecology to benefit habitats, animal populations, and human populations.
Broad
populations
Broad
populations
narrow
individuals
conservation
an effort to maintain and use natural resources wisely to ensure that resources will be available for future generations
wildlife populations
1) Increase a population
2) Decrease a population
3) Stabilize a population
US Department of the Interior
responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources
Nine Technical Bureaus
- Bureau of Land Management
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 3. Bureau of Reclamation
- Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement
- National Park Service
- Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- U.S. Geological Survey
US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)
an agency in the Department of the Interior that conserves and protects fish and wildlife and their habitats
Mission of FWS
work with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.
What FWS manage
- > 150 million acres of land
- > 560 national wildlife refuges
- 1000s of small wetlands and other special areas
- 70 National fish hatcheries
- 65 fishery resources offices
- 86 ecological service field stations
FWS Employ
9,000 people
Educational permit
Allows a person to permanently keep one or more animals strictly for educational purposes
wildlife rehabilitation regulations
1) Time Limits:
Mammals =>365 days, a waiver is
required from the Division of Fisheries
and Wildlife to continue care.
Birds = max time for rehab is 90 days.
2) Release Areas
3) Federal Permits:
Certain avian species (raptors, waterfowl
and songbirds) require a Federal permit.*
* In MA, a person is not eligible to receive a Federal
permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
without first holding a state permit
Rehabilitators
may not charge fees but accept donations
licensed or permitted rehabilitators
may legally care for wild life
What is a zoo?
An establishment where wild animals are kept for exhibition (other than a circus or a pet shop) to which members of the public have access, with or without charge for admission, on more than seven days in a period of twelve consecutive months
old role of zoos
confine and display wild animals as entertainment menageries
new role of zoos
1) conservation- both captive and wild animals
2) Education
3) Research
4) Recreation
Laws/Regulations/Accreditation
pertaining to zoo animals at the international, federal, state, and local
international
Convention on international Trade of Endangered species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Federal
- Animal Welfare Act 1966
- Endangered species Act, 1972
State
Anti-Cruelty Laws
Private
America zoo association accreditation
CITES
an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
Animal Welfare Act (1966)
regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport and by dealers
Endangered Species Act of 1973
A law requiring the federal government to protect all species listed as endangered.
The Lacey Act
prohibits interstate transport of wild animals dead or alive without federal permit.
Captive Wildlife Safety Act
Amended the Lacey Act to include big cats
State Law Vary (2014)
- Total ban on private ownership = 21 states
- Partial ban on private ownership (certain animals) = 8 states
- Private ownership allowed with licensure/permits = 14 states Ex. ME: Permit holders are subject to reporting, registration fees, husbandry requirements, and so on.
- Miscellaneous regulations = 7 states
- Hybrids = 12 states
Local Codes
Municipalities, towns, villages, counties - regulations
American Zoo and Aquarium Association
Organization of zoos and related facilities.
Regulates the zoo industry through voluntary standards. To become a member, zoos must be accredited, according to the guidelines the AZA sets forth.
The AZA Code of Professional Ethics, a heightened standard for the care and welfare of zoo animals, governs AZA members.
AZA Membership is highly regarded within the industry. AZA Standards regulate everything from the movement of zoo animals to the image the zoo must set forth to the public.
Zoo Animal Management Plan
Nutrition
Housing/Facilities/Habitat
Reproduction
Health
Waste Mgmt
Behavior/Welfare/Enrichment
Handling/Restraint (Free Contact Protected Contact No Contact)
Records Maintenance/Analysis
Stereotypies
repetitive and apparently functionless behavioral sequences, such as pacing, sham-chewing, tongue-rolling, or vomiting and re-ingestion
Self-injurious behavior
apparently volitional self-directed behavior causing injury, such as self-biting or feather picking
Species Survival Plan (SSP)
- Identify population management goals.
- Generate a comprehensive population Studbook and a Breeding & Transfer Plan.
- Make recommendations to ensure the sustainability of a healthy, genetically diverse, and demographically varied AZA population.
Taxonomy Advisory Group (TAG)
- Examine the conservation needs of an entire taxon.
- Develop an action plan for population management and conservation based on the needs of the species and zoos.
- Develop Regional Collection Plans.
- Serve as AZA expert and provide a discussion forum for topics applicable to the taxa.
- Assist in the selection of appropriate species for AZA Conservation and Education Programs.
- Establish management, research, & conservation priorities.
- Advance animal management techniques based on scientific studies.
- Oversee SSP and Studbook Programs.
- Develop a taxon-specific Animal Care Manual.
