Companion Animals Flashcards
pets
animals kept for pleasure rather than utility
companion animal
an animal whose owner has an intense emotional bond with the animal
common pet species
dog - 77 million
cat - 86 million
bird - 14 million
percentage of households who have pets
50-70%
cats are obligated carnivores
rely on nutrients in animal tissues to meet their nutritional requirements
protein
composed of 23 different amino acids
Taurine deficiency in cats
causes blindness
Taurine deficiency in cats
causes blindness
1/3 of all domestic cats in the U.S are
overweight
potential health consequences for overweight cats
diabetes mellitus, lower urinary tract diseases, hepatic lipidosis, arthritis, and so on
benefits of human-animal interactions
- Improved social access and skills
- Increased physical activity
- Increased joy and happiness
- Decreased stress
- +/- Improved immunity
- Improved sense of safety and security
hobby category
animals displayed by their owners in organized exhibitions
Service/Working/Therapy
frequently, pet species perform vital services.
- herding
- hunting
- guarding
- racing
- pulling
- scenting
- police
- military
- service/guide
- therapy
20% of US population
has some type of disability
service dogs can help with
- visual impairment or blindness
- loss of physical mobility
- hearing impairment or deafness
Prison Programs
Animals participate in rehabilitation
Increasing Involvement
in mental and emotional therapy
How many cats are in the US?
86+ million
what percentage of owned cats are spayed and neutered?
84%
feral cats
live in a wild state after domestication
domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus)
evolved from the African wild cat (Felis silvestris lybica)
Cat Kingdom
Animalia
Cat Phylum
Chordata
Cat Subphylum
Vertebrata
Cat Class
Mammalia
Cat order
Carnivora
Cat Family
Felidae
Small cats purr
Hard hyoid bone attached at the top of the larynx
large cats roar
hyoid bone is incompletely ossified or elastic
Felids
- last to be domesticated
- evidence of domestication: 5,000 to 9,500 yrs in Egypt
- domestication likely linked to affection/purring and rodent control
- the ratio of strength to size is far superior to humans
- the muscular ability to jump, twist, turn, climb, and swim
lifespan of felids
15-30 years
domestic cat
38 chromosomes (19 pairs)
How many cat breeds are there?
50
natural breeds (cats)
Abyssinian, Birman, Burmese, Chartreux, Maine Coon, Egyptian Mau
human-developed cat breeds
Siamese x Persian = Himalayan
Breeds from spontaneous mutations
Manx, American curl, cornish rex, munchkin
Spayed
ovariohysterectomy (OHE)
benefits of OHE
- No unplanned pregnancies
- No estrus behavior
- Decreased risk of uterine dz
- Decreased risk of ovarian dz
- Decreased risk of mammary cancer: Intact females have 4x greater risk than Spayed females of benign & malignant tumors in dogs.
risk of OHE
- surgical risk
- anesthetic risk
- urinary incontinence
- weight gain
- permanent
spayed a cat at 6 months of age reduces her chance of getting mammary cancer by
90%
85% of
mammary cancer are lethally malignant adenocarcinomas
85% of
mammary cancer are lethally malignant adenocarcinomas
the 3rd most common type of feline cancer is
mammary gland cancer
Queen
intact female cat
Tom
intact male cat
seasonally polyestrous
Queens cycle at 4-30 day intervals without ovulation
induced ovulators
mating induces LH surge
Signs of heat
restless, vocalizing, +/- marking of territory
Signs of heat
restless, vocalizing, +/- marking of territory
average length of estrous cycle in cats
14-21 days
Feline Estrous Cycle 3 senerios
1) no mating
2) sterile mating
3) Fertile Mating
No Mating
Proestrus- 1-2d
estrus- 5-8d
intesrestrus- 8-9d
Sterile mating
Proestrus- 1-2d
estrus- 5-8d
diestrus- 30-70d
interestrus- 7-10d
Fertile mating
proestrus- 1-2d
estrus- 5-8d
pregnancy- 55-69d
lactation- 28d
interestrus- 7-20d
77 million
dogs in the U.S.
37%
U.S. households have at least one dog
70%
own spayed or neutered dogs
Dog Kingdom
Animalia
Dog Phylum
Chordata
dog subphylum
Vertebrate
Dog Class
Mammalia
Dog Order
Carnivora
Dog Family
Canidae
Dog Genus
Canis
Domestic Dog
Canis familiaris
Canine puberty
(breed-dependent) 4-9 months
Bitch
female dog
Stud dog
intact male dog
Pregnancy
2 months
Dogs have
non-seasonal monoestrus
Canine Estrous Cycle
- Proestrus: 9 days.
- Estrus: 9 days.
- Diestrus/ Pregnancy: 60 days.
- Anestrus/ Nursing: 90 days
time between estrus (interestrus)
4 to 13 months with an average of 7 months
Clinical signs of Proestrus in dogs
- female attracts male but resists breeding
- enlarged vulva
- Blood-tinged uterine discharge
Clinical signs of Proestrus in dogs
- female attracts male but resists breeding
- enlarged vulva
- Blood-tinged uterine discharge
estrogen; proestrus
(produced by growing follicles) is increasing through proestrus and peaks just before the onset of standing heat.
Progesterone; proestrus
is at basal levels
Clinical signs of Estrus
- seek male, flags tail, stands for mating
- pink-straw colored dischared
Estrogen; Estrus
is dropping
Progesterone; Estrus
is rising
clinical signs of diestrus
- won’t stand for mating
- little to no discharge
clinical signs of diestrus
- won’t stand for mating
- little to no discharge
Estrogen; Diestrus
is Basal
Progesterone; Diestrus
Peaks at 15-18ng/ml at 15-30d of diestrus, then drops to <2ng/ml by the end of diestrus
Anestrus
- last 3 to 5 months
- no behavioral signs
- estrogen fluctuates
- progesteronee is low
Hill pet nutrition
grew over decades to include standard and prescription diets
Morris Animal Foundation
has invested more than $142 million toward 2850+ studies that have led to significant breakthroughs in diagnostics, treatments, and preventions for companion animals, horses, & wildlife.
