Wigger's Diagram Flashcards
What are the 6 phases of the cardiac cycle?
- Atrial systole
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular Ejection
- Isovolumetric relaxation
- Rapid Inflow
- Diastasis
Which phases are considered to be part of the the diastolic cycle of the heart?
- Atrial systole
- Isovolumetric relaxation
- Rapid Inflow
- Diastasis
Which phases of the cardiac cycle are considered to be part of the systolic cycle?
- Isovolumetric Contraction
3. Ventricular Ejection
Which chambers have higher pressure, atria or ventricles?
Ventricles
Which chamber has the highest pressure and why?
Left ventricle. Has to overcome pressure within the aorta and be able to pump blood to the rest of the body.
ECG is useful in diagnosing…
Arrhythmias
Conduction Disturbances
What does atrial depolarization show up as on an ECG?
P wave
On ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricular depolarization
What does ventricular hyperpolarization show up as on ECG?
T wave
In the Wigger’s Diagram, what happens to ventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric contraction and relaxation?
Contraction: Pressure increases, volume stays the same
Relaxation: Pressure decreases, volume stays the same
In Wigger’s Diagram, what happens at the peak of ventricular pressure?
Ventricular ejection. Volume is decreased.
Shows on ECG as T wave.
In regards to pressure, when does the AV valve open?
When ventricular pressure decreases after isovolumetric relaxation and is lower than atrial pressure.
According to Wigger’s, when is the 1st heart sound auscultated?
Closing of the AV valve.
Ventricular pressure increases.
End of QRS complex, as isovolumetric contraction occurs.
According to Wigger’s, when is the 2nd heart sound auscultated?
Closing of the aortic valve.
Ventricular pressure decreases
After ventricular ejection, as isovolumetric relaxation occurs.
At the time of atrial contraction, what happens to ventricular pressure?
Increases slightly from extra blood being injected into it.
What is the A wave on Wigger’s Diagram?
Atrial contraction
What is the atrial C wave on Wigger’s Diagram?
Slight increase in atrial pressure as ventricles begin to contract.
(some backflow of blood into the atria)
What is the atrial V wave on Wigger’s Diagram?
Slight increase in atrial pressure after ventricular contraction due to trickle of blood into atria while AV valves are still closed.
What is the diastolic pressure inside the aorta?
80mmHg
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through cardiac defects
Murmurs
Exaggerations: valve regurgitation or valve stenosis
Extra sounds: Ventricular septal defect or Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What is the more common type of murmur, which happens during ventricular systole?
Systolic Murmurs
Types of systolic murmurs (4)
Mitral or Tricuspid incompetence: regurgitation
Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis: systolic turbulence because the valve does not open enough
Ventricular Septal Defect: Hole or cleft in the interventricular septum
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Persistence of the opening between aorta and pulmonary artery. (CONTINUOUS MURMUR b/c aortic pressure is always higher than pulmonary artery)
What type of murmurs are less common and occur during ventricular diastole?
Diastolic Murmurs
Examples or diastolic murmurs
Tricuspid or Mitral stenosis
Pulmonic and Aortic Insufficiency
PDA: CONTINUOUS murmur
In which direction does blood flow?
Toward the place with lower pressureq
