Wigger's Diagram

Question 1

What are the 6 phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 1

1. Atrial systole
2. Isovolumetric contraction
3. Ventricular Ejection
4. Isovolumetric relaxation
5. Rapid Inflow
6. Diastasis

Question 2

Which phases are considered to be part of the the diastolic cycle of the heart?

Answer 2

1. Atrial systole
2. Isovolumetric relaxation
3. Rapid Inflow
4. Diastasis

Question 3

Which phases of the cardiac cycle are considered to be part of the systolic cycle?

Answer 3

2. Isovolumetric Contraction

3. Ventricular Ejection

Question 4

Which chambers have higher pressure, atria or ventricles?

Answer 4

Ventricles

Question 5

Which chamber has the highest pressure and why?

Answer 5

Left ventricle. Has to overcome pressure within the aorta and be able to pump blood to the rest of the body.

Question 6

ECG is useful in diagnosing…

Answer 6

Arrhythmias

Conduction Disturbances

Question 7

What does atrial depolarization show up as on an ECG?

Answer 7

P wave

Question 8

On ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 8

Ventricular depolarization

Question 9

What does ventricular hyperpolarization show up as on ECG?

Answer 9

T wave

Question 10

In the Wigger’s Diagram, what happens to ventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric contraction and relaxation?

Answer 10

Contraction: Pressure increases, volume stays the same

Relaxation: Pressure decreases, volume stays the same

Question 11

In Wigger’s Diagram, what happens at the peak of ventricular pressure?

Answer 11

Ventricular ejection. Volume is decreased.

Shows on ECG as T wave.

Question 12

In regards to pressure, when does the AV valve open?

Answer 12

When ventricular pressure decreases after isovolumetric relaxation and is lower than atrial pressure.

Question 13

According to Wigger’s, when is the 1st heart sound auscultated?

Answer 13

Closing of the AV valve.
Ventricular pressure increases.
End of QRS complex, as isovolumetric contraction occurs.

Question 14

According to Wigger’s, when is the 2nd heart sound auscultated?

Answer 14

Closing of the aortic valve.
Ventricular pressure decreases
After ventricular ejection, as isovolumetric relaxation occurs.

Question 15

At the time of atrial contraction, what happens to ventricular pressure?

Answer 15

Increases slightly from extra blood being injected into it.

Question 16

What is the A wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

Answer 16

Atrial contraction

Question 17

What is the atrial C wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

Answer 17

Slight increase in atrial pressure as ventricles begin to contract.
(some backflow of blood into the atria)

Question 18

What is the atrial V wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

Answer 18

Slight increase in atrial pressure after ventricular contraction due to trickle of blood into atria while AV valves are still closed.

Question 19

What is the diastolic pressure inside the aorta?

Answer 19

80mmHg

Question 20

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through cardiac defects

Answer 20

Murmurs

Exaggerations: valve regurgitation or valve stenosis

Extra sounds: Ventricular septal defect or Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 21

What is the more common type of murmur, which happens during ventricular systole?

Answer 21

Systolic Murmurs

Question 22

Types of systolic murmurs (4)

Answer 22

Mitral or Tricuspid incompetence: regurgitation

Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis: systolic turbulence because the valve does not open enough

Ventricular Septal Defect: Hole or cleft in the interventricular septum

Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Persistence of the opening between aorta and pulmonary artery. (CONTINUOUS MURMUR b/c aortic pressure is always higher than pulmonary artery)

Question 23

What type of murmurs are less common and occur during ventricular diastole?

Answer 23

Diastolic Murmurs

Question 24

Examples or diastolic murmurs

Answer 24

Tricuspid or Mitral stenosis
Pulmonic and Aortic Insufficiency
PDA: CONTINUOUS murmur

Question 25

In which direction does blood flow?

Answer 25

Toward the place with lower pressureq