wider scholars Flashcards
against the forms
- kant: accessing ultimate realities is not possible through the senes alone
- Alfred North Whitehead: reality is fundamentally constituted by process and change
- russell: could not accept the existence of a separate realm without evidence
- nietzsche: criticised the idea of objectiev unchanging truths or values
KARN
in favour of the forms
- heraclitus
- wittgenstein
HW
against the four causes
- Francis Bacon
- Unamuno
- Heidegger: criticised telos as a metaphysical abstraction disconnected from the lived experience of being
- Hume: rejected the idea of telos as anthropomorphic projections onto nature
- Nietzsche: the causes obscure nature’s complexity
FUHHN
against the prime mover
- Kant
- Hume
- Unamuno
- Russell
- Dawkins
- Heidegger
KHURDH
for the teleological argument
- FR Tennant
- Kierkegaard
FK
against the teleological argument
- JL Mackie
- Heidegger: the usual criticism
- Unamuno
- Dennet and Dawkins
JHUD
arguments for the cosmological argument
kierkegaard
against the cosmological argument
- JL Mackie: unjustified leap from cause of the universe to theistic God
- Hume
- Russell: the universe could exist without a beginning or a creator
- Dawkins
JHRD
for the ontological argument
- Malcolm
- Plantinga
- Godel
MPG
against the ontological argument
- GE Moore
- Russell and Frege
for the problem of evil
Leibniz
against the problem of evil
- DZ Phillips: traditional theodicies misunderstand the nature of belief in God and the role of religious language
- Draper: some suffering serves a greater purpose but the level of gratuitous suffering is too high
- Wittgenstein (language games)
- Wykstra
- Stephen Fry
DDWW Fry
for God’s omnipotence
- book of Matthew
- book of Titus
- Kenny
- Geach
- Vardy
- MacQuarrie
pairs
against God’s omnipotence
- JL Mackie: ‘a form of words which fails to describe any state of affairs’, logically impossible
- Wittgenstein
for God’s omniscience
- Jonathan Edwards: God’s knowledge of our choices aligns with the choices we freely make based on our desires
- Aristotle
- Isaiah - Hezekiah
- Russell
JAIR
God’s omnibenevolence
- Augustine
- Hick
- JL Mackie: why not a world where we always choose the right option
JAH
for the apophatic way
- William James
- David Bentley Hart: stresses God’s transcendence of human thought and language
against the apophatic way
- Swinburne: apophatic way makes God too abstract and inaccessible
- Plantinga: negative theology leads to agnosticism
- Inge
- Barth
for the cataphatic way
- Hick
- Ramsey
against the cataphatic way
Swinburne: how far do we stretch analogies?
for Tillich’s symbols
1.cSallie McFague: used metaphors for traditional theological terms as a modern take on religious symbolism
2.Otto
against Tillich’s symbols
- Gilkey: criticised Tillich for overemphasising the existential dimension of symbols at the expense of historical and concrete aspects of religious traditions
- Barth
