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A-Level History: Cold War > Widenings > Flashcards

Widenings Flashcards

1
Q

why did US feelings of fear and hatred of the Japanese linger?

A

US prisoners of war were mistreated and tortured

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2
Q

when did war crime trials begin to be phased out?

A

after 1947

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3
Q

what did Emperor Hirohito symbolise for the Japanese?

A

independent survival of the Japanese nation

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4
Q

what was not guaranteed as a basic freedom and civil liberty under the new democratic Japanese constitution?

A

same-sex marriage being legalised

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5
Q

what was America’s aim for Japanese economic reconstruction?

A

integrate Japan and South-East Asia into the ‘great crescent’ of anti-communist capitalist states

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6
Q

why was America worried about the attraction of communism for the Japanese?

A

Japan was defeated and demoralised

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7
Q

what were the Zaibatsu?

A

‘wealthy clique’ similar to cartels or trusts but usually organised around a single family controlling business in Japan

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8
Q

how did American businessmen end Zaibatsu privileges in 1947?

A

set up a Japanese car industry

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9
Q

how much of Japans’ cultivated land was purchased under the government’s reform programme?

A

5.8 million acres

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10
Q

how many peasants owned their own land by 1950?

A

3 million

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11
Q

who was excluded from the USA and Japan’s foreign trade?

A

communists

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12
Q

name one way the communists could use the location and industry if they controlled a rearmed Japan

A

protect communist-controlled lands in Asia, launch an aggressive policy in the South and South-East Asia, break through US defences in the western Pacific

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13
Q

what would western democracies have gained if they allied with rearmed Japan?

A

protection for the US defensive outposts in the western Pacific

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14
Q

what did Truman fear tight occupation controls in Japan would result in?

A

damage Japanese goodwill and turn them to communism

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15
Q

why was there a ‘Red Scare’ in Japan in 1949?

A

there were industrial strikes and the Japanese Communists received 3 million votes in the elections

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16
Q

name one reason why containment of communism and a Red purge was necessary in 1949

A

USA needed to ensure communism was removed before giving the Japanese control of day-to-day government, there couldn’t be a basis for a Japanese peace treaty whilst communism was being supported in Japan

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17
Q

what was the final stage of Japanese reconstruction a response to?

A

the Korean War

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18
Q

how much did the USA spend on war supplies from Japan?

A

$500,000,000

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19
Q

name one term in the San Francisco Peace Treaty

A

full sovereignty, Taiwan not to be returned to communist China, US occupation forces to withdraw no later than 90 days after the treaty

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20
Q

another treaty was signed on the say day allowed the US to what?

A

to station land, air and sea forces in and about Japan as defence

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21
Q

name the SCAP who accepted Japan’s surrender in 1945

A

General Douglas MacArthur

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22
Q

how much was the target for the ‘super balanced budget’?

A

157 million yen

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23
Q

what does GATT stand for?

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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24
Q

when was the San Francisco Peace Treaty drawn up?

A

September 1951

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25
Q

what was the agreed number of a Japanese self-defence force by 1954?

A

140,000

26
Q

how much did the USA fund the new Japanese self-defence force?

A

$240 million, and the sale of US agricultural surplus to Japan

27
Q

name the new leader of China in 1949 and his political party

A

Mao Zedong, Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

28
Q

name the opposition leader of the KMT and where did he set up his government in exile?

A

Jiang Jieshi, Taiwan

29
Q

when did the USSR and the China create an alliance and what was it called?

A

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, February 1950

30
Q

name the US Secretary of State in 1949

A

Dean Acheson

31
Q

what did he create in July 1949

A

the White Paper

32
Q

where did the Defensive Perimeter Strategy run through?

A

through Japan, the Ryukyus and the Philippines

33
Q

when did the USA’s nuclear monopoly end?

A

September 1949 when the USSR tested the atomic bomb

34
Q

what does NSC-68 stand for?

A

National Security Council Resolution 68

35
Q

at what line was Korea divided?

A

38th parallel

36
Q

name the leaders of North Korea and South Korea

A

Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee

37
Q

when did the forces of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea advance into South Korea?

A

June 1950

38
Q

who led the UN forces?

A

General Douglas MacArthur

39
Q

how many forces did Mao send across the Yalu River to North Korea in October 1950?

A

300,000

40
Q

what date was the Panmunjom Armistice Agreement?

A

27th July 1953

41
Q

name the committee that was established to investigate communist infiltration in America?

A

House of Un-American Activities Committee

42
Q

what two things die McCarthy accuse Truman off?

A

being soft on communism and the ‘loss of China’

43
Q

who was accused of passing being a member of the Communist Party and passing information via the Pumpkin Papers?

A

Alger Hiss

44
Q

when were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg executed?

A

June 1953

45
Q

when did McCarthy claim that ‘Reds’ had infiltrated the US army?

A

1954

46
Q

where is the headquarters of the UN?

A

New York

47
Q

give three examples of pro-Western members of the UN

A

US, UK, India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Greece, Iran, Iraq and Egypt

48
Q

true or false - mainland China took China’s seat in the UN

A

false - the nationalist regime in Taiwan took China’s seat

49
Q

between 1946-1955, how many times did the USSR use their veto on UN interventions?

A

75

50
Q

when was the US 7th Fleet positioned between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan?

A

27th June 1950

51
Q

which President was inaugurated in 1953?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

52
Q

what is the name of the collective defence treaty signed in September 1954?

A

South-East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO)

53
Q

list three members of SEATO

A

US, France, UK, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan

54
Q

who was US Secretary of State in 1953?

A

John Foster Dulles

55
Q

list three features of Eisenhower’s New Look policy

A

rollback, massive retaliation and brinkmanship

56
Q

when was the NSC 162/2 approved?

A

October 1953

57
Q

which three countries made up French Indochina?

A

Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

58
Q

name the new leaders of North Vietnam and South Vietnam

A

Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem

59
Q

when was the Battle of Diem Bien Phu?

A

March-May 1954

60
Q

what line was Vietnam divided between in the Geneva Conference 1954?

A

17th parallel

A-Level History: Cold War (6 decks)

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