Pressures on the USSR + extent of détente 1979 Flashcards
give two reasons why crisis emerged in Czechoslovakia in 1968
1963 negative growth was recorded, economic downturn led the Czechoslovaks to reconsider its relationship to socialism and the Communist Party which was a source of inefficiency and corruption, signals of revolt began in the middle of the 1960s which led to an influential Czechoslovak economist (Professor Ota Sik) to propose refors to the planned command economy
name the new leader of Czechoslovakia in January 1968
Alexander Dubček
list one feature/reform of the Action Programme announce in 1968
freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of movement with economic emphasis on consumer goods and the possibility of a multiparty government, formal recognition of the state of Israel, freedom for economic enterprises to make decisions based on consumer demand rather than government targets, increased rights of autonomy for the politically repressed and underrepresented Slovak minority
how did the USSR respond to the Action Programme?
Soviets initially watched Czechoslovakia with interest to see how far the reforms would go
when was the Brezhnev Doctrine issued?
November 1968
what was the outcome of the Czech Crisis after 1969?
Soviets found it difficult to find members of the Czechoslovak Communist Party willing to take control of the regime to Dubček remained in power until April 1969, new government led by Gustáv Husák conformed to the Soviet line and remained in power until the collapse of communism in 1989, it was dependent on a continued Soviet military presence to retain its power and the Red Army remained in Czechoslovakia until 1990
what was the Malinovsky incident?
at Sino-Soviet talks held in Moscow in late 1964 the Soviet Defence minister, Rodion Malinovsky, suggested to a Chinese delegate, Marshal He Long, that the Chinese should get rid of Mao just as the USSR had removed Khrushchev
what was the result of the Malinovsky incident?
talks immediately collapsed despite Soviet apologies, and the rift between the two countries widened
what was the 1966 Cultural Revolution in China
a reaction to what Mao saw as a drift away from the ideological purity of the Chinese revolution that he had led, it was designed to restore ideological correctness and identify ideological deviants
what did the Cultural Revolution enable Mao to do?
the Cultural Revolution enabled Mao to strengthen his own power by justifying the elimination of potential political rivals on the grounds that they were revisionists
what was the Soviet dimension in the Cultural Revolution?
the Soviet Union’s embassy in Beijing was besieged by a Red Guard mob, led by a 16-year-old girl - the mob even threatened to burn the embassy down (this was all due to Mao’s emphasis on declaring the Soviets as revisionists and then attacking revisionists)
what two incidents led to deteriorating Sino-Soviet relations during 1969?
border disputes on the Soviet border - patrol near Zhenbao Island was ambushed by Chinese forces on 2 March 1969, second incident took place along western frontier region of Xinjiang in August 1969
what was SALT 1 signed?
May 1972
list two terms agreed in SALT 1
limited the USSR and USA to constructing two fields of Anti-Ballistic Missiles (AMBs) with no more than 100 missiles on each field, 1054 ICBMs for the USA and 1618 for the USSR, 656 SLBMs for the USA and 740 for the USSR, 450 strategic bombers for the USA and 140 for the USSR
what was the first of the ‘Basic Principles’ agreed upon at the Moscow Summit (1972)?
USA and USSR ‘will proceed from the common determination that in the nuclear age there is no alternative to conducting their mutual relations on the basis of peaceful coexistence’
