Origins Flashcards
name one feature of communism
controlled economy, no private person should be allowed to profit from the work of other citizens, lower average standard of living but theoretically everyone remain equal, fairness and equality for all, only one party of government, all profits goes to the state so everyone benefits
name one feature of capitalism
opportunity for all, a free economy, any person should be free to start a business and employ people, any profit he or she makes is reward for hard work, average standard of living higher than under communism but a wide spread between rich and poor, choice of may parties for government chosen by the people (democracy)
who wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848?
Karl Marx
when and where were the two war time conferences prior to 1945?
Iran/Tehran 1943 and Moscow 1944
when was the Yalta conference?
4th - 11th February 1945
name one agreement made at the Yalta conference
Germany would be divided into four zones, each administered by an allied power, Berlin would be similarly divided, United Nations Organisation would be formally ratified, USSR would gain land from Poland and Poland would be expanded to the north and west, a Declaration on Liberated Europe should be created
when was the Potsdam conference?
17th July - 1st August 1945
which wartime leaders attended the Potsdam conference?
Stalin, Truman, Churchill/Attlee
how much reparations for the USSR from the western zones were agreed on at Potsdam?
25%
name one of the US’ aims for post war Europe
access to raw materials and the freedom to trade and export throughout the world, creation of the UN, continue into the post war period the alliance with the USSR and Britain
name one of the USSR’s aims for post war Europe
security from further attack, reparations from Germany, territorial gains from Poland Finland and Romania, creation of friendly pro-Soviet regimes in Eastern Europe
what percentage of the 1947 Polish election did the merged communist and socialist party win of the vote?
80%
give three examples of other countries Stalin used salami tactics in
Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania and Bulgaria
when did Stalin deliver the Bolshoi speech?
9th February 1946
what was George Kennan’s role in the US government?
US ambassador in Moscow/USSR
when was Kennan’s Long Telegram sent?
22nd February 1946
Where did Churchill deliver the Iron Curtain Speech in March 1946?
Fulton, Missouri
which civil war lead to Truman to deliver the Truman Doctrine?
Greek Civil War
what US policy was introduced in the Truman Doctrine?
containment
what was introduced to reinforce the Doctrine in June 1947 and implanted in April 1948?
Marshall Plan
what date was Cominform introduced?
September 1947
who was the US President in 1947?
Harry S. Truman
between 1947-1952, how many countries in Europe received Marshall Aid and how much in total was provided?
16 and $13.5 billion
what did the Soviets call Marshall Plan?
economic imperialism
which countries had zones in Germany and Berlin?
UK, USSR, USA and France
what does the ACC stand for?
Allied Control Council
name one of the Soviet policies for their zone
land reform, nationalisation of large industrial production, compulsory tuition in the Russian language for German school pupils
when was Bizonia formed?
January 1947
where was the Council of Ministers held in March-April 1947?
Moscow
name the countries that attended the London Conference in February-June 1938
Britain, France, USA and Benelux states (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg)
what was agreed at the London Conference on February-June 1948?
West German formal constitution and new currency (Deutsch Mark)
when did the Berlin Blockade start and end?
June 1948 - May 1949
what was Stalin hoping to achieve by the Blockade?
pressure western powers to leave Berlin, prevent the creation of a separate West German State
how many times did American and British air forces fly over Berlin during the Blockade?
more than 250,000 times
how many tons of supplies were dropped daily?
12,941 tons
name the first elected leader of the new West German State
Konrad Adenauer
when was the constitution for the new East German state assembled?
March 1949
when was the East German state officially formed?
October 1949
what does NATO stand for and when was it formed?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and April 1949
who were the initial members of NATO?
Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Iceland, France, UK and USA
when was the USSR’s rival alliance formed and what was it called?
May 1955 and the Warsaw Pact
name three members of the Warsaw Pact
USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland and Romania
