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Cold War > widening of the cold war > Flashcards

widening of the cold war Flashcards

1
Q

SCAP?

A

*supreme commander of allied forces
*macarthur elected as supreme commander
*oversaw occupation of japan
*given final authority over decisions

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2
Q

who is hirohito?

A

*emperor of japan from 1926
*key role in surrender of japan
*from 1947 japan became a constitutional monarchy so he became a symbol of the state and people(no real power)

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3
Q

who is dodge?

A

*chairman of an american bank
*economic advisor for the economic stabilisation in japan an germany

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4
Q

who is Ikeda?

A

*prime minister of japan 1960-64
*worked with dodge to bring down inflation
minster

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5
Q

Who is Yoshida?

A

*focussed on japans recovery as prime minister from 1946
*accepted USA protection for japan

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5
Q

what is phase one of the japanese recovery?

A

punish and reform 1945-47

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6
Q

explain the punishment and reform of japan…

A

*to demiliterise japan
*ban military leaders
*reduce power of rich land owners
*promoting more rights for women
*new constitutional government

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7
Q

what is phase two of japans recovery?

A

reverse course

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8
Q

explain reverse course for japan?

A

*new economic recovery
*korean war provided natural resources
*balanced budget of $14mil a year

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9
Q

explain treaty phase of japan…

A

*formal peace treaty to end war
*wants to restore japans sovereignity
*terminated military occupation (but usa could keep bases in okinawa)
*give up teritories in china
*only buisness with republic of china NOT PRC

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10
Q

what is phase three?

A

treaty phase

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11
Q

san fransisco treaty 1951…

A

*52 nations met NOT USSR
*returned japan to sovereignity

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12
Q

explain KMT…

A

*national party of china
*forced to flee to taiwan during civil war
*led by Chiang kai-shek

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13
Q

who is Chiang kai-shek ?

A

*leader of KMT
*previously sided with communists in china 1920s
*guranteed taiwans security-agreement with USA

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14
Q

mao zedong…

A

*leader of red army in china
*signed sino-soviet treaty feb 14th 1950 with USSR

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14
Q

CCP…

A

*communist party founded in shanghai
*KMT brutally suppressed them in 1920s
*succesfully beat KMT(fled to taiwan)

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15
Q

Chinese Civil war 1947-49…

A

*communists most likely to win as more support
*communists had military weapons in manchuria
*corruption of kmt led to unpopularity

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16
Q

Communist shift in power 1947…

A

*KMT 5mil military BUT CCP more support
*communists used guerilla tactics
Truman sent $300mil to help KMT army

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17
Q

USA support in china and the china white paper…

A

*didnt want to e blamed for loss of china
*sent military and financial aid
* white paper explained that US policy toward was based that ONLY chinese forces could determine an outcome

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18
Q

Why did the china white paper fail?

A

failed as they had been charged with loosing china to communism

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18
Q

explain ROC…

A

ROC
*led by chiang kai-shek
*used to controll ALL china till civil war
*1949 onwards controlled Taiwan

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19
Q

explain PRC…

A

PRC
*communist led gov
*mao zedong leader
*1949 onward controlled mainland china

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20
Q

Who is Dean Acheson?

A

*us secretary of state
*ensures US intrests in containing communism

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21
Q

explain the DPS…

A

jan 1950
*usa protecting intrest in asia
*prevent communist spread asia
*defensive military line

22
Q

explain NSC-68…

A

Document recommending increase in military spending to help contain communism

23
Q

background to korean war…

A

*us and soviet troops move in
*split among 38th paralell
*split into north and south
*

24
Q

who led north korea?

A

kim il sung

25
Q

who led south korea?

A

sygman rhee

26
Q

role of usa in korean war…

A

*wanted reunification under Rhee
*excluded korea from DPS
*pressured to help after loosing china

27
Q

role of ussr in korean war…

A

*wanted reunification under kim
*boycotted the un in 1948 as didnt achieve
*security threat as shared a border
*feared involvement as of usa intervention

28
Q

role of china in korean war…

A

*sent 300,000 troops supporting North Korea

29
Q

role of the UN on korean war…

A

*elections held in south korea
*hprovided $10.2 mil light military aid

30
Q

how many men in rhee’s army ?

A

98,000

31
Q

how many men in kim’s army?

A

135,000

32
Q

explain phase 1 of korean war..

A

*north korea cross the 38th parallel and capture Seoul
*UN forces pushed back to busan
*us support air aid

33
Q

explain phase 2 of korean war…

A

*mccarthur and forces land at inchan
*free seoul and reinstate rhee as leader
*china sends 300,000 troops
1.2 mil chinese forces by 1952

34
Q

explain phase 3 of korean war…

A

*dec 1950 mccarthur said usa considering atomic bomb
*chinese forces recapture seoul
*china seen as threat to UN
*Mccarthur fired for being too agresseive

35
Q

explain phase 4 of korean war…

A

*stalemate reached by july 1953
*peace talks dragged through 51-53

36
Q

the peace settlement after korean war…

A

*demiliterised within 2km of either side of parallel
*withdrawl of ALL military forces

37
Q

HUAC…

A

House of Un American Activities
*investigating communism in US
*under us government

38
Q

McCarthyism background…

A

*chinas fall to communism 1949
*1949 ussr atomic bomb
*1950 sino-soviet alliance
monolithic communism threat

39
Q

The Hollywood 10

A

*group of screenwriters accused of communism
*fined ,jailed and blacklistetd till 60s
*failure to cooperate with HUAC

40
Q

Hiss Case…

A

*jan 1950 convicted of perjury (lying in court)
*previous member of DR gov
*accused of passing info to soviets
*5 years prison

41
Q

Indochina under french controll…

A

*economic interests colony
*exploitated the natives high taxes
*industriaisation of vietnam

42
Q

indochina under japanese…

A

*1941-45
*exploitated land and resources
*invaded and took over after french

43
Q

Ho chi minh…

A

*communist leader of north vietnam
*symbol of vietnam independence
*led vietminh with guerilla warfare

44
Q

Bao Dai…

A

*(puppet to japanese) emperor of vietnam
*unpopular as allowed france and japan controll vietnam
*anti communist

45
Q

Geneva confrence and vietnam…

A

*france withdrew and ceasfire agreed
*temporary divide 17th parallel

46
Q

who led north vietnam?

A

ho chi minh

47
Q

who led south vietnam?

A

bao dai BUT diem had real power

48
Q

Diem…

A

*served as prime minister under dai
*made himself president of south vietnam

49
Q

Truman..

A

*democrat
*president 45-53
*containment policy
*shift to asia

50
Q

Eisenhower…

A

*republican
*ended Korean War
*less emphasis on conventional military forces and more nuclear weapons
*nuclear umbrella for allies to prevent soviet aggression

51
Q

SEATO..

A

South East Asian treaty organisation
*September 1954
*colective defense treaty after ussr and China got closer

52
Q

Re emergence of the FRG…

A

*adenauer (chancellor) wanted unification to western powers for strength
*restores FRGs sovereignty in may 1952
*HAD TO GIVE UP NUCLEAR WEAPONS

53
Q

Define “more bang for the buck”

A

Eisenhower investing more money just to nuclear weapons rather than conventional military force

54
Q

Why was new look adapted ?

A

*berlin blockade 1948 closer to war
*ussr developing nuclear weapons
*mccarthy pressure on government
*korean war shift to Asia
*arms race continue

55
Q

Limitations of new look policy…

A

*did nothing to roll back communism
* respected the Sovereignty of both Korea after 1953
*massive retaliation unpopular as could lead to nuclear war
*both USA and ussr had hydrogen bombs

Cold War (3 decks)

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