widening of the cold war Flashcards
SCAP?
*supreme commander of allied forces
*macarthur elected as supreme commander
*oversaw occupation of japan
*given final authority over decisions
who is hirohito?
*emperor of japan from 1926
*key role in surrender of japan
*from 1947 japan became a constitutional monarchy so he became a symbol of the state and people(no real power)
who is dodge?
*chairman of an american bank
*economic advisor for the economic stabilisation in japan an germany
who is Ikeda?
*prime minister of japan 1960-64
*worked with dodge to bring down inflation
minster
Who is Yoshida?
*focussed on japans recovery as prime minister from 1946
*accepted USA protection for japan
what is phase one of the japanese recovery?
punish and reform 1945-47
explain the punishment and reform of japan…
*to demiliterise japan
*ban military leaders
*reduce power of rich land owners
*promoting more rights for women
*new constitutional government
what is phase two of japans recovery?
reverse course
explain reverse course for japan?
*new economic recovery
*korean war provided natural resources
*balanced budget of $14mil a year
explain treaty phase of japan…
*formal peace treaty to end war
*wants to restore japans sovereignity
*terminated military occupation (but usa could keep bases in okinawa)
*give up teritories in china
*only buisness with republic of china NOT PRC
what is phase three?
treaty phase
san fransisco treaty 1951…
*52 nations met NOT USSR
*returned japan to sovereignity
explain KMT…
*national party of china
*forced to flee to taiwan during civil war
*led by Chiang kai-shek
who is Chiang kai-shek ?
*leader of KMT
*previously sided with communists in china 1920s
*guranteed taiwans security-agreement with USA
mao zedong…
*leader of red army in china
*signed sino-soviet treaty feb 14th 1950 with USSR
CCP…
*communist party founded in shanghai
*KMT brutally suppressed them in 1920s
*succesfully beat KMT(fled to taiwan)
Chinese Civil war 1947-49…
*communists most likely to win as more support
*communists had military weapons in manchuria
*corruption of kmt led to unpopularity
Communist shift in power 1947…
*KMT 5mil military BUT CCP more support
*communists used guerilla tactics
Truman sent $300mil to help KMT army
USA support in china and the china white paper…
*didnt want to e blamed for loss of china
*sent military and financial aid
* white paper explained that US policy toward was based that ONLY chinese forces could determine an outcome
Why did the china white paper fail?
failed as they had been charged with loosing china to communism
explain ROC…
ROC
*led by chiang kai-shek
*used to controll ALL china till civil war
*1949 onwards controlled Taiwan
explain PRC…
PRC
*communist led gov
*mao zedong leader
*1949 onward controlled mainland china
Who is Dean Acheson?
*us secretary of state
*ensures US intrests in containing communism
explain the DPS…
jan 1950
*usa protecting intrest in asia
*prevent communist spread asia
*defensive military line
explain NSC-68…
Document recommending increase in military spending to help contain communism
background to korean war…
*us and soviet troops move in
*split among 38th paralell
*split into north and south
*
who led north korea?
kim il sung
who led south korea?
sygman rhee
role of usa in korean war…
*wanted reunification under Rhee
*excluded korea from DPS
*pressured to help after loosing china
role of ussr in korean war…
*wanted reunification under kim
*boycotted the un in 1948 as didnt achieve
*security threat as shared a border
*feared involvement as of usa intervention
role of china in korean war…
*sent 300,000 troops supporting North Korea
role of the UN on korean war…
*elections held in south korea
*hprovided $10.2 mil light military aid
how many men in rhee’s army ?
98,000
how many men in kim’s army?
135,000
explain phase 1 of korean war..
*north korea cross the 38th parallel and capture Seoul
*UN forces pushed back to busan
*us support air aid
explain phase 2 of korean war…
*mccarthur and forces land at inchan
*free seoul and reinstate rhee as leader
*china sends 300,000 troops
1.2 mil chinese forces by 1952
explain phase 3 of korean war…
*dec 1950 mccarthur said usa considering atomic bomb
*chinese forces recapture seoul
*china seen as threat to UN
*Mccarthur fired for being too agresseive
explain phase 4 of korean war…
*stalemate reached by july 1953
*peace talks dragged through 51-53
the peace settlement after korean war…
*demiliterised within 2km of either side of parallel
*withdrawl of ALL military forces
HUAC…
House of Un American Activities
*investigating communism in US
*under us government
McCarthyism background…
*chinas fall to communism 1949
*1949 ussr atomic bomb
*1950 sino-soviet alliance
monolithic communism threat
The Hollywood 10
*group of screenwriters accused of communism
*fined ,jailed and blacklistetd till 60s
*failure to cooperate with HUAC
Hiss Case…
*jan 1950 convicted of perjury (lying in court)
*previous member of DR gov
*accused of passing info to soviets
*5 years prison
Indochina under french controll…
*economic interests colony
*exploitated the natives high taxes
*industriaisation of vietnam
indochina under japanese…
*1941-45
*exploitated land and resources
*invaded and took over after french
Ho chi minh…
*communist leader of north vietnam
*symbol of vietnam independence
*led vietminh with guerilla warfare
Bao Dai…
*(puppet to japanese) emperor of vietnam
*unpopular as allowed france and japan controll vietnam
*anti communist
Geneva confrence and vietnam…
*france withdrew and ceasfire agreed
*temporary divide 17th parallel
who led north vietnam?
ho chi minh
who led south vietnam?
bao dai BUT diem had real power
Diem…
*served as prime minister under dai
*made himself president of south vietnam
Truman..
*democrat
*president 45-53
*containment policy
*shift to asia
Eisenhower…
*republican
*ended Korean War
*less emphasis on conventional military forces and more nuclear weapons
*nuclear umbrella for allies to prevent soviet aggression
SEATO..
South East Asian treaty organisation
*September 1954
*colective defense treaty after ussr and China got closer
Re emergence of the FRG…
*adenauer (chancellor) wanted unification to western powers for strength
*restores FRGs sovereignty in may 1952
*HAD TO GIVE UP NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Define “more bang for the buck”
Eisenhower investing more money just to nuclear weapons rather than conventional military force
Why was new look adapted ?
*berlin blockade 1948 closer to war
*ussr developing nuclear weapons
*mccarthy pressure on government
*korean war shift to Asia
*arms race continue
Limitations of new look policy…
*did nothing to roll back communism
* respected the Sovereignty of both Korea after 1953
*massive retaliation unpopular as could lead to nuclear war
*both USA and ussr had hydrogen bombs
