Origins Of The Cold War Flashcards
Comintern
1919
Establish contact between communist groups with goal of Marxism-leninism
Red scare
1919
American communist society founded in American led to fear and many suspected communists deported and arrested
Nazi soviet pact
1939
Stalin signed pact with Hitler:
•wouldn’t invade each other
•to invade Poland and both take parts of it
Capitalism
Free/fair elections,
Businesses owned by individual NOT STATE
minimal government interference
Moscow conference
1944
•Stalin and Churchill
•informall agreement that Britain’s would put troops in Greece
(PERCENTAGES AGREEMENT)
Potsdam
July-Aug 1945
TRUMAN,STALIN,ATLEE
*ussr to get reparations from other zones in germanny
*west unhappy with spread of red army and soviet influence
*wanted free gov in poland
yalta
*4th-11th feb 1945
* dividing germany and berlin into 4
*ussr wants weak germany
*ussr agreed to join usa in war vs japan
*hold free elections in poland
atomic bomb
tested in july 1945 (manhattan project)
*hiroshima-6th aug 1945
*nagasaki-9th aug 1945
*stalin insulted as his help not needed as much in japan AND distrust as stalin didnt find out for a while
other tension between big 3
*discovery of mass graves in katyn forest (10,000 polish officers)- soviets denied
*soviets acused of letting nazis crush poles in warsaw uprisin (1944)
*delay in opening second front
why did stalin expand across eastern europe?
- to create a “Buffer zone” against hostile countries
*pursuing global communism
*threat to captilism
methods used by stalin for controll ?
*influence of red army to spread communism(but mostly demiliterised)
*salami tactics- gradualy taking over in government
*cominform (1947) grouped communist parties in europe under stalin (disagreed=purged)
*comecon (1949) economic conntroll
*warsaw pact (1955) asserting military controll
romania and communism…
*rigged elections 372/414 communist won
*other parties abolshed
*king michael abdicated
hungary an communism…
party accused of offences against red army so dissolved in 1947
*communist took key positions in gov
* abolish other parties
bulgaria and communism…
*communists set up a coalition with peasants party
*leader (petkov) hanged for “plotting a coup” (alleged)
east germany and communism
*communist merge with socialist party
*purged members and took over power
containment and examples…
prevent communist spread
*truman doctrine
*marshall plan
*creation of frg
*NATO creation
*reconstruction of japan
poland and communism…
*arrested non communist leaders
*lublin comitee removed
*abolished other partiess
czechoslovakia and communism…
*gotwald (communist leader)
*took over police,radios,army
*foreign minister (masaryk) “fell” from window after intrest in marshall plan
iron curtain speech…
SINEWS OF PEACE
*1946 speech missouri
* divide between capitalist and communist
*called for aliance with USA
*first public mention of divide
*stalin saw it war mongering
kennans long telegram…
*us diplomat in embassy of moscow
*feb 1946
*8000 word telegram to american gov
*said soviets still seek expansion
*published ananomously in 1947 saying communism should be shut down firmly
*
britain and greek civil war…
*£3000m in debt after ww2
*couldnt afford it so told america
*america worried as believed economic distress could lead to communism
*truman doctrine aunched 12 march 1947 ($400m aid for greece and turkey)
marshall plan…
*economic aid for post war recovery
*up to $13bn for any country
*stabilised western europe and west germany
*not in line with stalins ways so if countries joined usa hoped itd make a wedge between them
*prevent communism because of economic depression
soviets reaction to marshall plan…
*rejected and called it “dollar imperialism”
*tightened grip on europe
*cominform to circulate more propaganda
soviet view on germany…
*reunification as a security threat
*wanted neutral germany
USA view on germany…
*economical recovery
*didnt want to be too harsh instead another war
*didnt want fully united as fear of falling under soviet controll
causes of berlin blockade…
*ussr reject usa monetary reform for german industry
*usa and britain form bizonia
*may 1948 france joined = trizonia
*deutsche mark introduced
the blockade…
*ussr took resources from its zone as reperations
*withought marshall aid they struggled
*soviets intrpduced new currency
*cut off links with west berlin
significancce of berlin crisis…
*12th may 1949 stalin saw it had failed so he reopened communication
*creation of the frg
crreation of gdr 1949
*usa created NATO april
*west stood up to ussr peacefully
when was the berlin blockade?
1948 june
when was churchills iron curtain speech ?
1946 march
when was the truman doctrine?
12 march 1947
western response to blockade…
*airlifted 2.3 mil tons of supplies for 11 months
when was the brussels treaty?
march 1945
what was the brusels treaty?
*collective security treaty signed by european countries
*precursor to NATO
what did truman administration suggest?
*peaceful draft to increase military spending
which 3 countries joined NATO later?
greece and turkey-1952
FRG-1955
NATO…
*North atlantic treaty organisaion
*work together and prevent communist spread
*USA had nuclear umbrella
soviet reaction to nato…
*disliked as meant rearmament of west germany
*retaliated with warsaw pact
when was the warsaw pact ?
may 1955
warsaw pact…
*eastern alliance rival to NATO
*collective security
