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Kaspars Knowledge Kultivator > Why Would Somone Do A Crime > Flashcards

Why Would Somone Do A Crime Flashcards

1
Q

Durkheim (Functionalist View On Crime)

A

Crime is Inevitable

Boundary Maintenance

Adaptation and Change.

Evaluation :

What’s the right amount of crime

Crime can alienate individuals

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2
Q

Davis (Functionalist View On Crime)

A

Crime As a safety valve, prostitution to release frustration.

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3
Q

Merton (Functionalist View On Crime)

A

Strain Theory , caused through by failure to achieve mainstream goals through legitimate means.

E.G The American Dream.

Evaluation

Only explains utilitarian Crime and assumes a value consensus.

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4
Q

Responses to Strain (Functionalist View On Crime)

A

Conformist - Accept Goals and means

Innovation - accept goals not legitimate means

Ritualism - Reject goals, conform to means.

Retreatsim - Reject means and goals

Rebellion - Reject the goals and means with their own.

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5
Q

Cohen (Functionalist View On Crime)

A

Status Frustration in WC boys in schools, Turn to delinquent subcultures.

Explains non-utilitarian crime.

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6
Q

Coward + Ohlin

A

Criminal subcultures

Conflict subcultures

Retreatist subculture

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7
Q

Matza

A

Drift theory - Delinquents drift in and out of deviance

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8
Q

Becker

A

Argues crime is a social construct

Actions labelled as deviant are determined by society

Those who are labelled are labelled based upon gender,age,ethnicity

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9
Q

Pilivan+Briar

A

Found police make decisions based upon physical attributes.

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10
Q

Cicourel

A

Police typofications = Focus on certain Groups

Negotiation of Justice

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11
Q

Lemert

A

Primary deviance = Acts that have not been labelled as deviant

Secondary deviance = Deviant acts that have been labelled = Indivual with master status of criminal = struggle to gain employment = join shadow economies

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12
Q

Young

A

Deviance amplification spiral, trying to control deviance = More deviance

Drug takers in Notting Hill

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13
Q

Cohen

A

Folk Devils, moral enterpreneurs, Moral panics, shows how media labelling = increased police behaviour

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14
Q

Braithwaite

A

Labelling Good !
Reintegrate and disintegrating shaming

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15
Q

Durkheim (Positivist)

A

Stats are social facts, found that suicide increase during rapid social change, rates varied with social group.

Variables affecting suicide

Religious affiliation
Level of education
Urbanisation

Level of integration !

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16
Q

Douglas (Interpretivist)

A

Relationships between social actors = Reluctancy to record suicide

Low rates of suicide can be argued to be a cause of covering up

Argued cause of death should be via the meaning of the deceased family members using qualitative.

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17
Q

Atkinson (Ethnomethodlogy)

A

Suicide verdicts are a social construct, Studied danish and English coroners, Danes decided more suicide due to lower stigma

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18
Q

Lemert

A

Some individuals don’t fit into decant groups and are labelled “odd” = mental illness and labelled as a mental patient thus paranoia being a SFP

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19
Q

Goffman

A

Institutionalised individuals = loss of identity due to master status of “Inmate”

Study of asylums

20
Q

Marxists on Crime

A

Capitalism is criminogenic = W/C commit utilitarian crimes to get consumer goods.

Alienation causes non utilitarian crimes due to frustration.

Law making benefits R/C

21
Q

Chambliss

A

Law protects private property = cornerstone of capitalist economy

22
Q

Snider

A

Capitalist states are reluctant to pass laws that regulate activities of business or threaten their profits.

23
Q

Gordon

A

Dog eat dog society due to completion in capitalist society = corporate crimes.

24
Q

Selective enforcement

A

Certain groups are targeted in the CJS, police tend to ignore crimes of the powerful.

25
Q

Pearce Idealogical Functions of Law

A

Laws give capitalism a caring face, create false class consciousness.

Health and safety laws but lack of enforcement.

Due to selective law enforcement, crimes seem to be a W/C phenomenon. Increasing divide as other W/C blame criminals for inequality/Labelling.

26
Q

Taylor Et Al

A

Seems Marxism as economically deterministic, sees crime as a meaningful action and a conscious choice by the actors.

Criminals are not passive puppets and their behaviour is shaped by capitalism.

27
Q

Taylor Et Al (Fully social theory of deviance)

A

To understand crime you must.

Take into account wider origins of the deviant act

The act itself

Effects of labelling.

Left Realist = Romantises W/C criminals as “Robin hood” figures.

Burke - Too general and Idealistic.

28
Q

Marxist Subcultures

A

Cohen - Skinheads react to decline in Manual Labour via clothes of workers

CCCS - Youth subcultures develop as a form of resistance against capitalist inequality.

Hebdige - Punks, resist via shocking establishment with fashion.

However it is usually commercialised.

29
Q

Reiman and Leighton

A

Higher persecution for “street crimes” rather than White collar crimes.

Crimes committed by higher social classes = more forgiving view from CJS.

30
Q

Sutherland

A

Occupational crime

Corporate crime

31
Q

Pearce and Tombs

A

Defention of corporate crime

An illegal act or omission, that is the result of Deliverate decisions intended to benefit a business.

32
Q

Tombs

A

Types of corporate crimes

Financial
Against the consumer
Against the employee
Crimes against the environment
State corporate crimes

33
Q

Carrabine

A

Abuse of Trust

34
Q

Why are corporate crimes less seen

A

The media = Limited coverage

Lack of political will

Crimes are complex

Under reported

Internal dealing

35
Q

Box (Strain) (Corporate crimes)

A

If a business cannot reach the goal of maximising profits by legal means they will use illegal

36
Q

Sutherland

A

Differential association, deviance is behaviour learned by others.

37
Q

Sutherland

A

Differential association, deviance is behaviour learned by others.

38
Q

Nelken

A

Professionals have the power to avoid labelling/can afford lawyers.

39
Q

Matza

A

Techniques of neutralisation.

Easier to justify a corporate crime if it’s an order by a boss.

40
Q

Katz

A

Edge work, individuals commit crimes for pleasure and like the risk of getting caught.

41
Q

Relative deprivation Strain Theory

A

M/c people can experience relative deprivation to other People = Utilitarian crime.

42
Q

Hernstein and Wilson (Right Realism)

A

Biological differences = traits such as aggression and low impulse control.

Low intelligence also causes crime.

Eval = Why do Asians commit crime ?

43
Q

Murray (Right Realism)

A

Poor Socilaisation due to lone parent families/stray from nuclear family has created underclass of idle young men.

Due to lack of a control and disicpline they turn to shadow economies.

44
Q

Clarke (Right Realism)

A

Rational choice theory, criminals outweigh benefits and costs in order to justify committing a crime.

However, overstates intelligence of criminals.

45
Q

Right Realist methods of tackling crime

A

Target Hardening

Zero tolerance Policing

Wilson and Kelling = Broken window thesis.

46
Q

Lea and Young (Left realism)

A

Crime occurs due to

Relative deprivation

Subcultures

Marginalisation

47
Q

Lea + Young Tackling crime

A

Polcicing and Control = Better relationships with local communities

Tackling structural Inequality = reducing poverty.

Kaspars Knowledge Kultivator (5 decks)

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