Why were social rights difficult to activate for?

Question 1

What are examples women’s social rights? (5)

Answer 1

-female autonomy - abortion rights, contraception
-education
-equality of opportunity
-freedom of expression - right to protest
-living standards - women’s work (domestically)

Question 2

What is the glass ceiling effect? (more economic but links)

Answer 2

-women can look up and see the jobs they could potentially have but they cant get them due to being stopped by eg CIO positions

Question 3

What social issues were there?

Answer 3

-birth control
-lack of progress post WW2

Question 4

Why was birth control important?

Answer 4

-greater sexual freedom could not be achieved by women without birth control -> due to the risk of pregnancy

Question 5

When was the Comstock Laws?

Answer 5

1873

Question 6

What was the Comstock Laws? (4)

Answer 6

-illegal to sell contraceptives or have an abortion
-could not prescribe or offer birth control advice
-previously this had been available to women
-fears over increasing promiscuity

Question 7

What were the religious beliefs regarding birth control? (2)

Answer 7

-Catholics and many Protestants didn’t believe in birth control
-preserve institution of marriage which is for the purpose of procreation
->therefore birth control is seen as immoral

Question 8

Who was Margaret Sanger?

Answer 8

-her and her husband set up the American Birth Control League (ABCL)
-believed in a woman’s right to choose when and if she wanted to bear children

Question 9

What was Margaret Sanger evidence of?

Answer 9

-evidence of 1920s isolated progression of BC (activism)

Question 10

What was the ABCL (American Birth Control League)?

Answer 10

-1923 established first legal birth control centre with backing from Rockefeller
-by 1924 27,500 members but only 10 branches. Support but not widespread

Question 11

What was a result of the Comstock Laws being lifted in 1938?

Answer 11

-diaphragms sent to a birth control clinic from Japan
-sparked US vs. One Package which stated that the federal govt. couldn’t interfere with a doctor’s prescriptions - doctors could prescribe BC
-ABCL successfully argued contraceptives could be used to fight disease

Question 12

What were state laws on birth control like even after the Comstock Laws were lifted?

Answer 12

-even though Comstock Laws were lifted, states implemented their own laws to ban the sale and distribution of birth control
-some states allowed contraception but abortions were still illegal

Question 13

When did the Supreme Court finally establish the right to use contraception?

Answer 13

1965

Question 14

What was Griswold vs Connecticut 1965?

Answer 14

repealed the ban on contraception.
Violated couples right to privacy

Question 15

Who did Griswold vs Connecticut apply to?

Answer 15

only applied to married couples

Question 16

When was Griswold vs Connecticut extended to unmarried couples?

Answer 16

1972

Question 17

What evidence is there for lack of progress for women during WW2? (2)

Answer 17

-during WW2 women had been actively encouraged to take a greater role in society and propaganda was aimed at women being more adventurous
-unlike post WW1 there was more regression in social attitudes towards women in light of Cold War conservatism and fears of communism

Question 18

When was Women’s liberation and what was it?

Answer 18

-1960s
-awakening of a feminist movement known as ‘New Feminism’

Question 19

What was the issue with the feminist movement known as ‘New Feminism’?

Question 20

What could be a synthesis link to ‘New Feminism’?

Answer 20

-similar to the Gilded Age, AA women’s rights were linked to those of white women

Question 21

When were The Feminists?

Answer 21

1968-1973

Question 21

What was The Feminists a splinter group of?

Answer 21

NOW

Question 22

What did The Feminists believe in?

Answer 22

-believed in the abolition of marriage
-women needed to separate themselves from men

Question 23

What could be a synthesis link to The Feminists?

Answer 23

-similar to the Black Power Movement

Question 24

When were the Radicalesbians?

Answer 24

1973+

Question 25

What did the Radicalesbians believe?

Answer 25

-combined women’s rights and gay liberation -campaigned for a genderless society -believed women could only be liberated through lesbianism

Question 26

Who/what did the Radicalesbians support?

Answer 26

NOW's abortion rights campaign

Question 27

When was Ms Magazine first published?

Answer 27

1970s

Question 28

Why was Ms Magazine so significant?

Answer 28

-for the first time highlighted issues affecting women for example domestic violence - very significant due to highlighting issues that weren’t usually talked about -talked about issues that were taboo like abortion and domestic violence which raised awareness

Question 29

When was Roe vs Wade?

Answer 29

1973

Question 30

What was Roe vs Wade?

Answer 30

-a test case that ensured a women’s right to a legal abortion during the first 6 months of pregnancy and her right to make that decision independently

Question 31

Who was Roe vs Wade?

Answer 31

-a poor single working-class woman (Norma McCorvey) sued the Dallas County District Attorney Henry Wade under the name Jane Roe

Question 32

Why did Roe vs Wade happen?

Answer 32

-designed to test the legal parameters surrounding abortion - it was deliberate

Question 33

What did 'Jane Roe' argue about her reasoning?

Answer 33

-she argued that her life was not in danger but she did not want to bring another child into the world that she could not afford to raise

Question 34

What happened with Roe vs Wade? (3)

Answer 34

-Roe’s lawyers successfully argued that the abortion laws violated her right of choice under the constitution - she wanted the right to chose and the right to privacy -the judges decided in her favour but only as a one off->the lawyers appealed to the Supreme Court->set a precedent -Supreme Court judge, Harry Blackmun decided in Roe’s favour based on the ‘right of privacy’ covered by the 14th Amendment – women had the right to choose to have an abortion

Question 35

What was the reaction to Roe vs Wade? (3)

Answer 35

-abortion became a significant and dividing issue -it was challenged by state legislatures which refused to implement the ruling, leading to many Supreme Court appeals -although, most appeals were successful in later years states were given the right to impose restrictions on the availability of abortions

Question 36

Which groups opposed Roe vs Wade?

Answer 36

-many religious groups opposed abortions and refused to allow religious doctors/funded hospitals to perform them

Question 37

What was the impact of Roe vs Wade? (3)

Answer 37

-this was a triumph for women’s rights campaigners but it began a wave of anti-feminist opposition, under Phyllis Schlafly -ultimately, it led to a change in voting patterns of female voters and initiated a growing political awareness of a critical mass of women which differed from previous apathy -politicians gave some recognition to female issues to court their votes

Question 38

What was the overall impact of Roe vs Wade? (4)

Answer 38

-faced opposition after it was passed even though it was passed by the Supreme Court -it was a triumph for women’s rights campaigners -created more political awareness and politicians gave some recognition to female issues to court their votes -shows state governments are attempting to block federal governments - erosion of Federal laws

Question 39

What could be a synthesis link to Roe vs Wade?

Answer 39

Plessy vs Ferguson