Why Ecology Matters CH. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What limits distribution of species?

A

climate and geography (humans are now moving species into new regions though)

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2
Q

How is climate change changing distributions of species?

A

moving polewards but not with all species

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3
Q

What prevents dispersal movements?

A

Barriers.
ex. Penguins can live in Chicago but are prevented from moving there themselves because of the tropical oceans which block them

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4
Q

How can you tell if distribution is limited by lack of dispersal?

A

Transplant studies. Move organism to new area, see if the organism survives. Survival = barrier exists

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5
Q

Most of the crops we grow…

A

were inadvertent transplant studies

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6
Q

European starling

A

Deliberately introduced for some reason. Became a huge pest, bold, aggressive, attacks fruit crops, has displaced several native bird species.

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7
Q

Cane toad

A

introduced to control bug that eats sugar cane. Failed spectacularly. Cane toad is a huge pest now. They’ve figured out that they breed in ponds and a control strategy is to eliminate these watering holes at critical times in critical areas. No native predator species went extinct as a result (toad is highly poisonous).

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8
Q

What increases the likelihood a transplant study/ species introduction will succeed?

A

Generally, if more individuals of a species are introduced (increases survivorship and colonization rates). Exceptions are sambar deer and himalayan tahr. Small populations are more prone to fluctuations due to bad weather or predator attacks.

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9
Q

four major steps of invasion process

A
  • transport
  • establishment
  • spread
  • impact

Process can fail at any one of these steps

  • transport can fail because either the biological environment may eliminate the newcomer or the physical- chemical environment may be lethal/prevent reproduction
  • predators may prevent establishment (mussels are eaten by starfish in protected water)
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10
Q

Where does penicillin come from?

A

soil fungus penicillium secretes this antibiotic.

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11
Q

Where will stream fish move as temps rise?

A

upstream to stay within temperature zone

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12
Q

Example of species moving polewards

A

Mangrove trees, as sea temperatures rise (temp. thresholds)

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