Why Did SA Become A Republic In 1961?

Question 1

Significance of Macmillan’s wind of change speech

Answer 1

NP secure victory in 1958 and Verwoerd confident enough to announce whites only referendum
Nationalists ban TV until 1976 to suppress global news

Question 2

Macmillan’s wind of change speech

Answer 2

Feb 1960- before Sharpeville, reaction to Ghanan independence
Aware of Cold War communism- wants to remain capitalist and trade unions
Tries to convince SA that nationalism is natural
Suez Crisis of 1956 and cost of empire increasing

Question 3

Motivation of wind of change speech

Answer 3

Fear of communism (countries falling to communism)
Trade and international relations and macmillans standing internally
SA recognised inability to suppress it’s issues
Morally thought it correct

Question 4

Context of the wind of change speech

Answer 4

Followed independence of Ghana and same year as Nigeria
Followed D Campaign
Months before Sharpeville and Cape Town; made to convince SA apartheid failing
Midst of a feared communist transition

Question 5

Communism Act

Answer 5

1950 Suppression of Communism Act

Question 6

Cuba

Answer 6

1959 Cuba becomes communist

Question 7

Vote of SA leaving the commonwealth in 1961

Answer 7

Republic- 31 May 1961
WSA voted a 52% favour
Many symbolic changes
BSA opposition parties reject- done w/o SA majority

Question 8

Impacts of leaving commonwealth

Answer 8

Rand replaces £
British identity links
Office of state president replaces the queen and governor- general
Could continue apartheid, independence, keep NP in power, stable as own republic

Question 9

Why leave the commonwealth?

Answer 9

Conference called to discuss
Had diplomatic representation for newly independent African states
Verwoerd wants to become republic whilst in the commonwealth- refused to accept embassies

Question 10

International impact of leaving the commonwealth

Answer 10

ANC request sanctions
British AAM
UK and other areas are havens for political dissidents
Britain wasn’t to keep trade (gold/ uranium)

Question 11

Resolutions of UN

Answer 11

1962 voluntary UN resolution to boycott SA

1964 British new govt decide weaponry ban

Question 12

Monday Club

Answer 12

Want white minority’s apartheid

Established as a result of Wind of Change speech and belief it undermined conservative views