Why did monarchical government fail in the years 1625-49?

Question 1

What were the main reasons for Charles I being in conflict with parliament from 1625-29?

Answer 1

• Desire for money
• Arrival of Henrietta Maria made parliament suspicious
• Charles was promoting Arminianism
• Late 1625 - naval expedition, that sent to attack the port of Candiz in Spain, failed

Question 2

What happened when Charles asked parliament for money?

Answer 2

• His desire for money, as a result of dwindling credit, led to asking parliament
• June 1625 - meeting in parliament led to series of quarrels
• Destroyed relationship between Crown and parliament
• The Commons refused to grant Charles the right to collect excise tax, Tonnage and Poundage, for life, due to Mansfeld campaign

Question 3

How much, in a loan, did Charles gain from City of London merchants. that wasn’t enough?

Answer 3

£60,000

Question 4

Why did the arrival of Henrietta Maria make parliament suspicious of Charles?

Answer 4

Because she was Catholic, and established her own Court of Catholic advisers.

Question 5

How was Charles promoting Arminianism, that made parliament suspicious?

Answer 5

He offered a position at court to Arminians such as Richard Montagu.

Question 6

Why did the naval expedition to attack the port of Candiz fail? What happened as a result?

Answer 6

• Poorly trained and equipped, and badly led by Buckingham
• Parliament attempted to impeach Buckingham
• Charles hastily dissolves parliament

Question 7

What does Charles do in 1626 that indicates at his lack of awareness? What happened as a result?

Answer 7

• He calls another parliament
• Issue of subsidies set aside to launch an attack on Buckingham
• Angry Lords, Commons and court rivals launch impeachment against Buckingham
• He once again dissolves parliament with no taxation grant

Question 8

What did Charles do after dissolving parliament again in 1626?

Answer 8

• Demanded a forced loan from all taxpayers
• Prison or conscription for those who refuse
• Challenge to law
• Lord Chief Justice Carew refused to endorse the legality of the loan

Question 9

What happened in 1627, involving a group of five knights?

Answer 9

• A group of five knights refused to pay the loan and were imprisoned
• Sued for release under ‘habeas corpus’ - a prisoner has the right to go before the court

Question 10

Why did Charles summon a parliament in 1628?

Answer 10

• Funds needed for national defence

- Buckingham had failed, abroad, again - in an attack on La Rochelle in support of Huguenots

Question 11

What, and when, was the Petition of Right 1628? What happens as a result?

Answer 11

Parliaments demands to Charles:
- No forced loans
- No imprisonment without trial
- No martial law
- No free lodgings for soldiers 
Charles ends the parliamentary sessions, as a result, and responds with his own Petition of Right, which asserted his right to combine collecting Tonnage and Poundage without parliament

Question 12

Who did Charles appoint as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633?

Answer 12

William Laud.

Question 13

What happened to Buckingham in 1628?

Answer 13

He was murdered by an army officer - people on the streets, and parliament, celebrated.

Question 14

What did Charles order parliament to do in 1629?

Answer 14

Adjourn.

Question 15

What happened of the day of the adjournment in 1629?

Answer 15

• Group of MPs led by Denzil Holles and Sir John Elliot demanded the passing of three formal resolutions against:
• the growth of Arminianism
• the levying of Tonnage and Poundage
• the actions of those who paid it
• the Speaker refused - held in his chair and doors locked until it passed - to delay adjournment.

Question 16

What was the period from 1629 to 1640 known as?

Answer 16

Charles I’s personal rule - ruling without any presence from parliament.