Whopper Day 3

Question 1

Dense ball of solid metal

Answer 1

Inner Core

Question 2

Layer of molten metal that surrounds inner core

Answer 2

Outer Core

Question 3

Solid material extending all the way to the Earth’s cpre

Answer 3

Lower Mantle

Question 4

Uppermost part of the mantle and the crust for a ridge layer about 100 kilometers thick. (Asthenosphere)- Softer part part below this part, which is hotter, and under increased pressure

Answer 4

Upper Mantle (Lithosphere)

Question 5

Layer of solid rock that forms the Earth’s outer “skin”

*Includes both dry land and ocean floor . Oceanic ____ consists of basalt. Continental _____ is mainly granite

Answer 5

Crust

Question 6

Lithosphere is broken into separate sections called _____

Answer 6

Plates

Question 7

Explains the formation, movement and subduction (Sideways or downward movement) of Earth’s plates

Answer 7

Plate Techtonics

Question 8

The transfer of energy through empty space has no direct contact between heat source and object
(Sun, heat lamp, microwave, or fire place)

Answer 8

Radiation

Question 9

Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter.

(Metal spoon in soup,

Answer 9

Conduction

Question 10

Transfer of heat by the movement of hot fluid (Includes liquid and gasses) caused by differences in temperature and density within the fluid
(Heating water on stove)

Answer 10

Convection

Question 11

A slow movement of Earth’s continents moving away from each other. They have been doing this for billions of years

Answer 11

Continental Drift

Question 12

Sea floor spreads apart along both dies of a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added. Ocean floors move like a conveyor belt, carrying continents along with them

Answer 12

Sea Floor spreading

Question 13

3 Plate Boundaries

Answer 13

Transform boundary- Place where 2 plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions (Frequent earthquakes)

Divergent boundary- 2 plates move apart, or diverge usually occur at the mid-ocean ridge

Convergent boundary- Place where 2 plates come together causing a collision.

Question 14

3 Scientists That Contributed to Plate Tectonics Theory and What They Each Discovered

Answer 14

J. Tuzo Wilson, Harry Hess, and Alfred Wegner

J. Tuzo Wilson was a Canadian scientist that proposed the lithosphere was broken into separate sections called plates. He also combined information from continental drift, sea floor spreading and Earth’s plates which is the theory of “Plate Tectonics”

Harry Hess had a theory of Seafloor spreading

Alfred Wegner had the theory of Continental Drift
(Evidence from land features such as mountain ranges lining up on a continent when pieced together)

Question 15

Convection in Mantle

Answer 15

Convection currents flow in the mantle-heat source is the Earth’s core and mantle. the convection currents act like a conveyor belt moving the lithosphere above

Question 16

If new crust is added to the Earth through Seafloor spreading, why doesn’t the Earth continue to get bigger

Answer 16

Seafloor spreads apart along both sides of a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added. The ocean floors move like a conveyor belt , carrying continents along with them . Eventually, the ocean floor sinks into deep trenches

Question 17

What are two (THREE) pieces of evidence that shows that continents were once all together in one landmass

Answer 17

There are three 3 pieces of evidence that shows that there was something called Pangaea. First, the land features lined up with different parts of the world. Secondly, Climate change, showed scratches on rocks made from glaciers in places with much more mild climate today. And LASTLY, the remaining bones from dinosaurs in different parts of the world

Question 18

Constantly changes over time due to plate tectonics. Forces at plate boundaries are strong enough to break rocks or change their shape

Answer 18

Continental Crust

Question 19

Physical force that acts on rocks to change its shape or volume

Answer 19

Stress

Question 20

Pulls on the crust, stretching rocks so it becomes thinner in the middle
(Mid-ocean ridge, continental rifts)

Answer 20

Tension

Question 21

Squeezes rocks until it folds or breaks

Mountain ranges, ocean trenches, and volcanic arc

Answer 21

Compression

Question 22

Pushes a mass of rocks in two opposite directions

Fault zones

Answer 22

Shearing

Question 23

A change of rock caused by two types of stress

Answer 23

Strain

Question 24

Change in rock that is not permanent

Answer 24

Elastic Strain

Question 25

Creates a permanent change in the shape of a rock; usually occurs when rocks are weak and hot

Answer 25

Plastic Strain

Question 26

Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along the faults breaks in Earth lithosphere

Answer 26

Earthquakes

Question 27

Forms when forces pull rocks apart along divergent plate boundary; block above fault moves down

Answer 27

Normal Fault

Question 28

Two blocks of rock slide horizontally in opposite direction

Answer 28

Strike Slip Fault

Question 29

Force pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving

Answer 29

Reverse Fault

Question 30

Point beneath Earth's surface where rocks under stress break and causes an earthquake

Answer 30

Focus

Question 31

Point on the surface directly above the focus

Answer 31

Epicenter

Question 32

Waves that carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus. There are 3 different waves, the Primary waves, Secondary waves, and Surface waves

Answer 32

Seismic waves

Question 33

Compression waves travel through solid and liquids compressing and expanding the material they pass through, temporarily changing volume (Fastest)

Answer 33

Primary Waves (Push and pull)

Question 34

Only travel through solids and temporally change shape, but not the volume of the material they pass through

Answer 34

Secondary Waves (Comes second/Side to side)

Question 35

Move slower than the other waves but can produce severe ground movement with wave like motion (up above the surface)

Answer 35

Surface waves (Slowest)

Question 36

Weak spots in the Earth's crust where molten material or magma, comes to the surface

Answer 36

Volcano

Question 37

Molten mixture of rocks forming substances, gasses and water from the mantle; when magma reaches Earth's surface it is called lava

Answer 37

Magma

Question 38

A string of islands created by volcanoes near boundaries where two oceanic plates collide and one sinks beneath the other

Answer 38

Island Arc

Question 39

An area where material from deep within the mantle rises the melts, forming magma; a volcano forms above this when magma erupts through the crust

Answer 39

Hot Spot (Hawaiian Islands)

Question 40

Lava flows slowly and easily (gasses bubbling ogentles)

Answer 40

Quiet Eruption

Question 41

Has magma high in silica with trapped gasses building up pressure until they eventually burst

Answer 41

Explosive Eruption

Question 42

Not active but may become active

Answer 42

Dormant Volcano

Question 43

A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions

Answer 43

Shield Volcano

Question 44

A small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material

Answer 44

Cinder Cone Volcano

Question 45

A volcano that forms from explosive eruptions that produces alternating layers of lava and ash

Answer 45

Composite volcano

Question 46

A high level area formed by repeated lava flows

Answer 46

Lava Pleateaus

Question 47

Huge hole left by collapse of a volcano

Answer 47

Caldera

Question 48

When large amounts of magma pushes against the surface making a dome shape. Looks like a Earth pimple round and curved

Answer 48

Batholiths

Question 49

Places where the Earth is hotter due to hot rock or magma near the Earth's surface

Answer 49

Geothermal Activity

Question 50

Natural spring where hot water flows

Answer 50

Hot Spring

Question 51

Hot spring that shoots ground water and steam

Answer 51

Gryser

Question 52

What are the landforms created by our three different types of stress

Answer 52

There are 3 different types of stress, tension. compression, and shearing. One landform that is an example of tension are the mid ocean ridges or continental. One example for compression are mountain ranges or ocean trenches. An example of shearing are fault zones or transform faults

Question 53

What are 3 differences between P and S waves

Answer 53

1. P waves come first and S waves come last 2. P waves are the fastest and S waves are the slowest 3. P waves are push and pull and S waves move from side to side

Question 54

Explain how to locate the epicenter of an earthquake

Answer 54

You can locate the epicenter of an earthquake by using a map scale to mark the radius on a compass. Then, you can draw a circle around each seismograph location finding intersections

Question 55

Compare and contrast a quiet eruption and explosive eruption.

Answer 55

Quiet eruptions occur when lava flows slowly and easily (the gasses start bubbling gently) . Explosive eruptions have magma high in silica with trapped gasses. The build up of pressure will eventually explode.

Question 56

What are 3 different types of volcanic landforms?

Answer 56

The three different types of landforms are calderas,lava domes, and lava plateaus. Calderas are large holes at the top of a volcano when the magma chamber collapses. Lava domes are found in craters of large composite volcanoes. Lava plateaus are a high level area formed by repeated lava flows

Question 57

What is geothermal activity? How does geothermal activity form hot springs and geysers?

Answer 57

The transfer of heat cause of geothermal activity from depths to the Earth's surface. This causes hot springs, geysers, warm ground, hot pools/hot lakes. Geothermal activity formed hot springs and geysers because they are formed in regions near volcanic activity. They are formed by heat near the magma chamber/heat ground due to pressure

Question 58

Choose an ecosystem. List at least three biotic and three abiotic factors.

Answer 58

Temperate Forest Abiotic: Rocks, water, sunlight Biotic: Deer, squirrels, and trees

Question 59

How are food chains and food webs different?

Answer 59

A food chain and a food web or different in many ways. One way they are different is that a food chain is very simple / direct and typically goes through each trophic level. On the other hand, a food web is a graph that shows all the trophic eating related interactions (several) between various species in the ecosystems

Question 60

Give an example of a food chain. Make sure it includes at least 4 different trophic levels.

Answer 60

Sunlight------>Grass------>Grasshopper------>Spiders

Question 61

What are the three types of symbiosis? Give an example of each one.

Answer 61

The three types of symbiosis are: Commensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism. Commensalism is when one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Example: Spider making a web on tree. Mutualism is when both organisms benefit. For example: Bees pollinate trees. Parasitism is when one organism (parasite) benefits and the other (host) is harmed. Example : Tick bite on dog or flea bites on a dog

Question 62

One species goes extinct in an ecosystem. list 3 ways this can impact the rest of the ecosystem.

Answer 62

If one species in an ecosystem goes extinct, one or more of the other species would go extinct because each of the species depends on one another to survive. The three ways this can impact the rest of the ecosystem is this food supply, the makeup of the land, and overpopulation.

Question 63

Cold and treeless plain where harsh conditions make it hard for plants and animals to survive Below the topsoil, the ground is permanently frozen which in known as permafrost

Answer 63

Tundra

Question 64

There are 2 major aquatic biomes, the marine and the freshwater The marine is primarily made up of salt water oceans. The freshwater biome is defined to have a low slat content. Freshwater biomes include ponds and lakes, streams and rivers and wetlands

Answer 64

Aquatic

Question 65

A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. They are very simple/direct and typically goes through each trophic level

Answer 65

Food Chain

Question 66

A graph that shows that all the trophic-eating related interactions between various species in an ecosystem. Some species can eat organisms from more than one trophic level

Answer 66

Food Web

Question 67

A relationship between two or more organisms that live closely together. (Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism)

Answer 67

Symbiosis

Question 68

One organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Answer 68

Commensalism

Question 69

Both organisms benefit

Answer 69

Mutualism

Question 70

One organism benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 70

Parasitism

Question 71

The study of interactions among organisms and their environment

Answer 71

Ecology

Question 72

All the living organisms that live in an area and the non living features

Answer 72

Ecosystems

Question 73

(Bio- means living) Living things withing an ecosystem

Answer 73

Biotic Factors

Question 74

(A- means not) Non-living parts of an ecosystem

Answer 74

Abiotic Factors

Question 75

Large geographic areas with similar climates and ecosystems

Answer 75

Biomes

Question 76

Organisms that make their own food (autographs)

Answer 76

Producers

Question 77

A (Organism) form of life considered an entity

Answer 77

Individual

Question 78

All the living individuals of a species that live in the same area

Answer 78

Population

Question 79

Collection of all different population that live in one area

Answer 79

Community

Question 80

A community of living organisms and the non-living parts of their enviornment

Answer 80

Ecosystem

Question 81

Distinct ecological communities of plants and animals living together in a particular climate

Answer 81

Biome

Question 82

The part of the Earth's crust, water and the atmosphere that support life

Answer 82

Biosphere

Question 83

A feature that is common in population because in provides some improved function

Answer 83

Adaptation

Question 84

The 7 biomes

Answer 84

``` Temperate Forest Tropical Rainforest Desert Grasslands Tundra Marine Freshwater ```

Question 85

- Temperate means not to the extremes (Not too hot, not too cold) - 4 distinct seasons, Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall - A lot of rain and fertile soil - Located between the equator and the poles

Answer 85

Temperate Forests

Question 86

- These forests are located near the equator and get more rain than temperate forest - They are also very humid and warm and the temperature stays between 70 and 90 degrees for most of the year

Answer 86

Tropical Rainforest

Question 87

- Are defined by their lack of rain - They generally get 10 inches or less rain in a year - They have dry soil, little to no surface water and high evaporation - Deserts are very hot during the day and drop below freezing during the night due to lack of humidity

Answer 87

Desert

Question 88

- Are wide areas of land filled with low growing plants such as grasses and wildflowers - The amount of rain is not enough to grow tall trees but enough to not form a desert. Two types known as the temperate or tropical (savanna) based on their location and climate

Answer 88

Grasslands

Question 89

Cold and treeless plain where harsh conditions make it hard for plants and animals to survive Below the topsoil, the ground is permanently frozen which in known as permafrost

Answer 89

Tundra

Question 90

There are 2 major aquatic biomes, the marine and the freshwater The marine is primarily made up of salt water oceans. The freshwater biome is defined to have a low slat content. Freshwater biomes include ponds and lakes, streams and rivers and wetlands

Answer 90

Aquatic

Question 91

If there are 10,000 calories of energy on the producer level, how much energy will there be at the secondary consumer level? What causes this change?

Answer 91

There would be 100 calories at the secondary consumer level because as energy is transferred, it decreases by 10%. Since it started put with 10,000 calories and moved through the first consumers at 1,000 calories by the time it got to the secondary consumer it has dropped to 100 calories. Each time the energy decreases a different level of the food pyramid and the calories drop 10%