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History > Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? > Flashcards

Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Flashcards

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1
Q

What Was It About : Capitalism

A
  • Land and industry owned privately
  • Some rich some poor
  • Government is democratic (elections)
  • People enjoy freedoms
  • USA was capitalist country that emerged from WW2 as a leading superpower
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2
Q

What Was It About : Communism

A
  • Land and Industry owned by government
  • People work for government
  • Everyone is equal in terms of wealth
  • Communist dictatorship (no choice)
  • Lives strictly controlled
  • USSR was communist country that emerged from WW2 as a leading superpower
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3
Q

What Was It About

A

-Tension and rivalry between USA and USSR between 1945 and 1991

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4
Q

War Time Alliance Strength

A
  • Strategic, not bond of brotherhood

- United by common enemy (Nazi Germany)

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5
Q

War Time Alliance Strength : Division Before War

A
  • USA ans UK helped fight Communists during Russian Civil War
  • 1920s, USA persecuted Communists in Red Scare
  • 1926, British government dealt harshly with general strike fearing Communist take-over
  • Stalin deeply suspicious of British policy of appeasement fearing Britain hoped Germany would destroy USSR
  • 1939, Stalin angered US and UK by signing Nazi-Soviet Pact
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6
Q

War Time Alliance Strength : Divisions During War

A
  • Stalin angry that USA and UK delayed invasion of France until 1944
  • Left USSR to fight Nazi Germany alone in Europe between 1941 and 1944
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7
Q

War Time Alliance Strength : Divisions Immediately After War

A
  • US and USSR emerged as dominant superpowers

- Both determined to ensure their way of life dominated the world

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8
Q

Yalta Conference

AGREEMENTS

A
  • 1945
  • Stalin agreed to enter war against Japan
  • Germany and Berlin split into 4 zones
  • Free elections in all liberated countries
  • UN would be established (all three allies would join)
  • Nazi war criminals would be brought to justice
  • Eastern Europe would become a ‘Soviet sphere of influence’
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9
Q

Yalta Conference

DISAGREEMENTS

A
  • Over Poland
  • USA and UK wanted Capitalist ‘London Poles’ to lead Poland
  • Stalin wanted Communist ‘Lublin Poles’ to lead Poland
  • Stalin wanted to move borders westwards to create a buffer zone
  • Churchill and Roosevelt opposed but eventually agreed
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10
Q

Potsdam Conference

TENSION

A

-1945
-Churchill often bridged the gaps but now replaced by Atlee
Truman replaced Roosevelt
-Truman informed Stalin that USA had successfully tested an Atomic Bomb
-Truman furious that Stalin Red Army was occupying countries in Europe and installing pro-Communist Governments instead of free elections

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11
Q

Potsdam Conference

AGREEMENTS

A

-Most arrangements agreed at Yalta (division) were implemented

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12
Q

Potsdam Conference

DISAGREEMENTS

A
  • Stalin determined to cripple Germany with harsh reparations
  • Truman opposed
  • Stalin wanted to share in occupation of Japan
  • Truman Opposed
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13
Q

Iron Curtain

A
  • Speech made by Churchill after losing election (during tour of USA)
  • 1946
  • Accused USSR of drawing an Iron Curtain across Europe
  • Post-war division of Europe
  • Stalin had established pro-soviet dictatorships in all eastern countries behind the curtain
  • In the west were the capitalist free Countries
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14
Q

East Germany

A
  • Remained under Red Army control
  • Communists established German Democratic Republic
  • 1949
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15
Q

Poland

A
  • Communists took full control in 1947

- Non-Communist coalition partners were forced into exile

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16
Q

Hungary

A
  • Communists took control in 1945

- Rival politicians and religious leaders were imprisoned

17
Q

Romania

A
  • Communists took control 1945

- Monarchy abolished in 1947

18
Q

Bulgaria

A
  • Communists took control in 1945

- Leaders of other parties were executed

19
Q

Albania

A

-Communists took control in 1945

20
Q

Yugoslavia

A
  • The Communist Marshal Tito took control 1945

- Remained fiercely independent of USSR

21
Q

Czechoslovakia

A
  • Communists in coalition government from 1945
  • Gained full control in 1948
  • Rival parties banned
22
Q

Cominform

A
  • Established 1947
  • Led by Stalin
  • Enabled USSR to control Communist countries of Eastern Europe
23
Q

Containment : Greece

A
  • 1947

- USA paid Britain to keep troops stationed in Greece to prevent Communist take-over

24
Q

Containment : Truman Doctrine

A
  • 1947

- Truman promised USA would support any country threatened by a communist takeover

25
Q

Containment

A
  • Policy established by Truman

- USA would prevent the further spread of Communism throughout the world

26
Q

Containment : Marshall Plan

A
  • General George Marshall warned that poverty affecting the whole war-torn Europe was creating perfect breeding ground for Communism
  • Recommended USA provide $17 billion of aid to help recovery
  • Congress initially rejected the plan
27
Q

Containment : Marshall Aid

A
  • Congress agreed to Marshall’s plan after the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia
  • pro-American leader Jan Masaryk died in suspicious circumstances
  • $17 billion provided
  • Stalin prevented countries of Eastern Europe from receiving it
28
Q

Berlin Blockade

A
  • 1946, Britain, France, USA combined zones into Trizonia (West Germany)
  • 1948 introduce new currency
  • Within 3 months there were signs that Germany was recovering
  • Stalin saw this a provocation as he wanted Germany to remain crippled
  • Recovery of Berlin particularly bothered Stalin as Berlin was deep into his zone
  • 1948 Stalin blocked all roads, railways and canals between west Germany and west Berlin
  • Hoped to forced Allies put
  • Truman determined to maintain West Berlin as an oasis of Capitalism
29
Q

Consequences of Berlin Blockade : Berlin Aircraft

A
  • For 10 months, the Western Allies airlifted supplies into Berlin
  • Three planes landed every minute
  • Widespread fear that war would break out if the planes were shot down
  • 1949 Stalin lifted blockade
30
Q

Consequences of Berlin Blockade : Divided Germany

A
  • Following blockade, division of Germany became more permanent
  • 1949, British, French, USA zones known as ‘Federal Republic of Germany’
  • USSR zone known as ‘German Democratic Republic’
31
Q

Consequences of Berlin Blockade : NATO

A

-April 1949

USA ans western European Allies formed NATO

32
Q

Consequences of Berlin Blockade : Warsaw Pact

A
  • West Germany joined NATO 1955
  • USSR and Communist allies in Eastern Europe formed the Warsaw Pact
  • Military alliance
  • Pledged to retaliate if any member was attacked
33
Q

Who Was To Blame?

USA

A
  • Truman intimidated Stalin with atomic bomb
  • Truman Doctrine was a promise to help any country under threat of a communist takeover; became a policy of ‘containment’
  • USA gave Marshall Aid to countries in Western Europe to stop the spread of Communism
  • Western Germany united its zones and created a new currency
  • Responded to Berlin Blockade with Berlin Aircraft
  • 1949 formed NATO
34
Q

Who Was To Blame?

USSR

A
  • Stalin caused tension at Potsdam by preventing elections in liberated countries
  • Installed Communist dictatorships that were loyal to USSR in those countries
  • Formed Cominform ans Comecon to strengthen ties between countries in Eastern Europe
  • Berlin Blockade
  • Successfully tested atomic bomb (arms race)
  • USSR formed military alliance (Warsaw Pact)

History (4 decks)

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