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History > Where The Peace Treaties Of 1919-23 Fair? > Flashcards

Where The Peace Treaties Of 1919-23 Fair? Flashcards

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1
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A
  • 1919
  • Britain, France and USA (Big Three)
  • Palace of Versailles, near Paris
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2
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • USA
  • Build better, more peaceful world through 14 points
  • Not too Harsh
  • Strengthen democracy in defeated countries
  • Self-determination
  • International co-operation (League of Nations)
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3
Q

David Lloyd George

A
  • Britain
  • Agreed on not to harsh
  • Germany = peaceful trading partner
  • Under pressure from media and public to ‘make Germany pay’
  • Germany to lose navy and colonies (threatened British Empire)
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4
Q

Clemenceau

A
  • France
  • Punish and cripple Germany
  • Could not attack France again
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5
Q

Clemenceau vs Wilson

France vs USA

A
  • USA not suffered as badly as France
  • C resented W’s generous attitude
  • Wilson forced to back down on Alsace-Lorraine, Rhineland, and Saar
  • Clemenceau accepted Self-determination
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6
Q

Clemenceau vs Lloyd George

France vs Britain

A
  • C saw British position as hypocritical
  • Britain happy to accept generous terms for Germany in Europe (where France under threat)
  • Insisted Germany lose navy and colonies (where British Empire under threat)
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7
Q

Wilson vs Lloyd George

USA vs Britain

A
  • Wilson’s ‘free access to the sea’ threatened British naval supremacy
  • Lloyd George unhappy with Self-determination (undermined British Empire)
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8
Q

War Guilt

A

-War Guilt Clause meant Germany accepted responsibility for the war

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9
Q

Reparations

A

-Germany forced to pay £6.6 billion to allies to pay for damages caused by war

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10
Q

Lost Territory

A
  • Alsace-Lorraine to France
  • Saarland and Danzig to League of Nations
  • Rhineland demilitarised
  • North Schleswig to Denmark
  • West Prussia, Polish Corridor, Upper Silesia to Poland
  • Anschluss with Austria forbidden
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11
Q

Lost Colonies

A

-Germany’s colonies controlled by League of Nations (Britain and France)

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12
Q

Disarmament

A
  • Army reduced to 100,000 men
  • No tanks, submarines, aircrafts
  • Navy limited to 6 battle ships
  • Rhineland demilitarised
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13
Q

League of Nations

A
  • International police force

- Germany not permitted to join until proved it was a ‘peacd-loving’ country

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14
Q

War Guilt and Reparations Reaction

A
  • Did not believe war was their fault entirely

- Bitter about crippling effects of reparations

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15
Q

Disarmament Reaction

A
  • Armed forces were symbol of nation’s pride
  • Humiliating
  • More galling when allies failed to honour their commitment to disarmament
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16
Q

Lost Territory and Colonies Reaction

A
  • Major blow to pride and economic strength

- More galling when Britain and France took control of colonies

17
Q

14 Points and League of Nations Reaction

A
  • Germany territory and self-determination seemed hypocritical
  • Exclusion from League of Nations was an insult
18
Q

Non-representation Reaction

A

-German government not represented at Versailles
-German leaders forced to sign
Treaty seen as ‘diktat’

19
Q

Political Violence

A
  • 1920 Kapp Putsch
  • Attempted revolution led by right-wing Freikorps, defeated by general strike in Berlin
  • German Foreign Minister Walter Rathenau assassinated
  • 1923 Munich Putsch
  • Attemlted revolution led by Hitler and Nazis, put down by police
20
Q

Conflict in Ruhr

A
  • Germany failed to pay reparations 1922
  • France invaded Ruhr to take what was owed
  • G responded with campaign of passive resistance
  • Crippled German Economy
21
Q

Hyperinflation

A
  • Responded to Economic problems by printing more money
  • Led to rampant hyperinflation
  • Money and savings became worthless
22
Q

Treaty of Versailles Fair?

YES

A
  • Germans started war by attacking Belgium 1914
  • Germany not raised to taxes to pay for war
  • Assumed would win and lay off debts by claiming reparations from Allies
  • 1917 Germans dictated harsh peace with Russia (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
  • People of France and Britain needed to see Germany punished for death and destruction caused
  • Many French and British thought Germany not treated harshly enough
23
Q

Treaty of Versailles Fair?

NO

A
  • Kaiser had abdicated leaving innocent Germans to pay for his mistakes
  • War Guilt Clause was unfair and humiliated Germany
  • Big Three were hypocritical (Germany had to disarm they didn’t, Germany lost colonies they didn’t)
  • Excluding Germany from League of Nations was a spiteful action
  • Harsh treaty made it hard for new German government to succeed (saw Elbert’s signing of treaty as ‘stab in the back’)
  • In years after treaty, Germany plunged into chaos (revolutions, political murders, hyperinflation)
24
Q

Treaty of St Germain

A
  • 1919
  • Austria
  • Army limited to 30,000 men
  • Anschluss forbidden
  • Austro-Hungarian Empire broken up
  • Bohemia and Moravia to Czechoslovakia
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia to Yugoslavia
  • Galicia to Poland
  • Austria suffered economic problems
25
Q

Treaty of Neuilly

A
  • 1919
  • Bulgaria
  • Land given to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia
  • Army limited to 20,000 men
  • £100 million in reparations
  • Treated less harshly than other nations
26
Q

Treaty of Trianon

A
  • 1920
  • Hungary
  • Transylvania to Romania
  • Slovakia and Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia
  • Slovenia and Croatia to Yugoslavia
  • Meant to pay reparations but never did (severe economic problems)
27
Q

Treaty of Sevres

A
  • 1920
  • Turkey
  • Smyrna to Greece
  • Syria under French control
  • Lost empire to British and French control
  • Army limited to 50,000 men
28
Q

Treaty of Lausanne

A
  • 1923
  • Replaced Treaty of Sevres
  • Turkey’s new nationalist leaders refused to accept old treaty
  • Accepted loss of empire
  • Other terms dropped

History (4 decks)

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