Who was to blame for the Cold War? Flashcards
What was the Lend-Lease programme? [2]
The USA lent the USSR money and military equipment [1], but they had to pay it back eventually. [1]
What was agreed at the Yalta Conference? [4]
Germany temporarily divided into 4 zones [1]
Germany to pay $20 billion in reparations, 50% to USSR [1]
Implementing the 5 steps to defeat Nazism [1]
Early elections in Poland [1]
What was agreed at the Potsdam Conference? [4]
Division of Germany into 4 zones confirmed [1]
Use of atomic bombs to defeat Japan [1]
UN created [1]
Germans in Poland/Hungary moved to Germany [1]
Why did the USSR want to take control of Eastern Europe? [2]
To create a buffer zone [1] against invasion from the west [1]
How did USA react towards Soviet Expansionism? [4]
FDR wanted to contain the spread of communism [1]
Kennan’s Long Telegram stated that Communism must be contained [1]
(Truman Doctrine) [1] - Sending military aid to countries to resist communism [1]
Give 2 examples of how Stalin managed to take over Eastern Europe [6]
(Bulgaria) - The government was killed by communists [1] and the monarchy was abolished [1]. Opposition was destroyed by the communists [1]
(Romania) - Soviet troops remained after the war [1]. A gradual takeover of police took place [1], and false elections brought a communist victory [1].
How did Britain react to Soviet Expansionism? [3]
Churchill gave the Iron Curtain Speech [1]
He condemned the expansionism by the USSR [1]
This provoked Stalin and he retaliated [1]
How did the Marshall Plan benefit the West and put the East at a disadvantage? [6]
It sent economic aid to the West [1] therefore allowing quicker rebuilding [1]. It allowed for the West to develop faster than the East [1]
The East did not have much financial aid [1]. By accepting the aid, the East would rely on USA loans [1], therefore decreasing the USSR’s independence [1]
Why was the Berlin Blockade put in place by Stalin? [2]
A new currency was made available to East Germany [1] but was declined by Stalin, causing the Berlin Blockade [1]
Give 2 ways in which the West’s response to the Berlin Blockade was effective [6]
They were able to keep West Berlin supplied [1] via frequent airdrops of supplies [1], therefore allowing West Berlin to function as normal. [1]
The blockade was a failure for Stalin [1], as it showed how he underestimated the West [1], giving the West more power in Germany [1]
State the names of the 2 factions that were formed in 1949 [2]
(West) NATO [1]
(East) Warsaw Pact [1]
Explain how Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech was aggressive towards Stalin [3]
Churchill had condemned soviet expansionism in the East. [1]
This had caused Stalin to retaliate [1] and therefore tense relationships between the grand alliance [1]
