Who's Who Flashcards
In 1905, with Theodore Simon devised the first modern intelligence test
Binet
The first woman to hold a Ph.D. in psychology (conferred in 1894) was
Washburn
Developed a four stage theory of cognitive (intellectual) development in children.
Piaget
The doctrine known as dualism, which holds that reality is composed of two entities,mind and matter (body) with the mind being entirely distinct from the body, was advocated by the French philosopher-mathematician .
Decartes
stressed the importance of observation and imitation in learning and proposed a more social-learning approach.
Bandura
The school of psychology known as behaviorism was founded with the publication of an influential article, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”, written by
Watson
The humanistic psychologist who developed a “hierarchy of needs” that stressed the importance of positive growth and self-actualization was
Maslow
developed the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which is a three phase process for dealing with stress.
Selye
The French surgeon proposed that the production of speech is controlled by the left side of the human brain in an area later named after him.
Broca
developed a form of therapy called client-centered therapy, which stresses humanistic ideals such as positive personal growth.
Rogers
was the American psychologist who discovered the “law of effect” through his experiments with cats in a “puzzle box”
Thorndike
developed a theory of moral development including preconventional, conventional and postconventional morality or reasoning
Kohlberg
The naturalist whose research and writings on the origin of species had a direct influence on the early school of psychology known as functionalism was
Darwin
in the mid-1960’s conducted controversial research on social obedience
Milgram
One of the most influential psychologists of the late 20th century advocated the idea that behavior is controlled by its consequences was .
Skinner
developed a eight stage theory of psychosocial development beginning with trust versus mistrust.
Erikson
was the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology through his development of the id, ego, and superego.
Freud
received a Nobel prize for his research on split-brain patients who had their corpus callosums cut.
Sperry
The Principles of Psychology, written by, , had a profound influence on the early development of psychology, along with his theory of emotions with Carl Lange.
James
who was awarded a Nobel Prize for work in the area of digestion, discovered that animals could learn to respond to completely arbitrary stimuli. This type of learning was later called classical conditioning.
Pavlov
The founder of Individual Psychology who developed the idea of “striving for superiority” and the “inferiority complex” was
Adler
was a social psychologist who studied conformity and how group pressure affects distortion of judgement by asking subjects to compare the lengths of different lines.
Asch
proposed that personality was made up of two dimensions: introversion vs extroversion and emotionality (psychoficism) vs. stability (neuroticism).
Eysenck
developed the concept of the collective unconscious, and founded The Analytical School of Psychology.
Jung
He would “magnetize” his patients, harnessing their “animal magnetism” to cure their problems.
Mesmer
Linguist who suggested humans have an inborn or “native” propensity to learn to talk was
Chomsky
studied people’s facial expressions and found cross cultural agreement on the interpretation of facial expressions.
Ekman
developed the inkblot test
Rorschach
developed an intelligence scale (test) which stressed both verbal and nonverbal intelligence
Wechsler
developed a theory of emotions whereby emotions are the result of bodily reactions rather than the reverse
Lange
American psychologist who made major revisions of Binet’s intelligence test to create The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was
Terman
developed cognitive theory of personality emphasizing that people actively participate in the cognitive organization of their interactions with the environment and behavior is characterized more by situational specificity rather than consistency.
Mischel
suggested emotional sensory information first reaches the thalamus, then simultaneously are felt and cause a bodily reaction.
Cannon
proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triarchic theory of love.
Sternburg
German neurologist who discovered the part of the brain responsible for the comprehension of speech was
Wernicke
divided intelligence into 8 different types; logical mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
Gardner
proposed learned helplessness can cause depression or other mental illnesses; current advocate of positive psychology.
Seligman
In 1879, the first psychology laboratory was established in Leipzig, Germany by
Wundt
continued her father’s work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children.
Anna Freud
The English philosopher, , argued every person begins life as “tabula rase” (“blank slate”) and all knowledge is the result of experience, a view that became known as empiricism.
Locke
charged that psychoanalytic theory as developed by Freud was male-biased and proposed a more social-cultural approach to balance the masculine view of psychology of the time.
Horney
developed a rigorous empirical approach to the study of memory and the “forgetting curve
Ebbinghaus
a cousin of Darwin, was an English scientist who coined the term “nature vs nurture” and a firm believer in the eugenic theory.
Sir Francis
American psychologist who studied attachment to caregivers in infant monkeys was
Harlow
developed a distortion room that is named after him where people of similar sizes appear to be at different heights.
Ames
believed that females tend to lean more towards fulfilling human needs and are more relationship oriented than males.
Gilligan
a Russian cognitive theorist who emphasized the role of the environment, especially the social world of people, in intellectual development and the “zone of proximal (potential) development.
Vigotsky
believed personality can be described in terms of fundamental traits that he divided into three kinds of traits: cardinal, central and secondary traits
Allport
The trait theorist who divided personality into 16 factors: and suggested there were two types of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, was
Cattell
The individual who established the first American psychology research laboratory (at Johns Hopkins in 1883) established the first professional journal in psychology (the American Journal of Psychology, in 1887) and founded the American Psychological Association (in 1892) was
Hall
