Who's Who

Question 1

In 1905, with Theodore Simon devised the first modern intelligence test

Answer 1

Binet

Question 2

The first woman to hold a Ph.D. in psychology (conferred in 1894) was

Answer 2

Washburn

Question 3

Developed a four stage theory of cognitive (intellectual) development in children.

Answer 3

Piaget

Question 4

The doctrine known as dualism, which holds that reality is composed of two entities,mind and matter (body) with the mind being entirely distinct from the body, was advocated by the French philosopher-mathematician .

Answer 4

Decartes

Question 5

stressed the importance of observation and imitation in learning and proposed a more social-learning approach.

Answer 5

Bandura

Question 6

The school of psychology known as behaviorism was founded with the publication of an influential article, “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”, written by

Answer 6

Watson

Question 7

The humanistic psychologist who developed a “hierarchy of needs” that stressed the importance of positive growth and self-actualization was

Answer 7

Maslow

Question 8

developed the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) which is a three phase process for dealing with stress.

Answer 8

Selye

Question 9

The French surgeon proposed that the production of speech is controlled by the left side of the human brain in an area later named after him.

Answer 9

Broca

Question 10

developed a form of therapy called client-centered therapy, which stresses humanistic ideals such as positive personal growth.

Answer 10

Rogers

Question 11

was the American psychologist who discovered the “law of effect” through his experiments with cats in a “puzzle box”

Answer 11

Thorndike

Question 12

developed a theory of moral development including preconventional, conventional and postconventional morality or reasoning

Answer 12

Kohlberg

Question 13

The naturalist whose research and writings on the origin of species had a direct influence on the early school of psychology known as functionalism was

Answer 13

Darwin

Question 14

in the mid-1960’s conducted controversial research on social obedience

Answer 14

Milgram

Question 15

One of the most influential psychologists of the late 20th century advocated the idea that behavior is controlled by its consequences was .

Answer 15

Skinner

Question 16

developed a eight stage theory of psychosocial development beginning with trust versus mistrust.

Answer 16

Erikson

Question 17

was the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology through his development of the id, ego, and superego.

Answer 17

Freud

Question 18

received a Nobel prize for his research on split-brain patients who had their corpus callosums cut.

Answer 18

Sperry

Question 19

The Principles of Psychology, written by, , had a profound influence on the early development of psychology, along with his theory of emotions with Carl Lange.

Answer 19

James

Question 20

who was awarded a Nobel Prize for work in the area of digestion, discovered that animals could learn to respond to completely arbitrary stimuli. This type of learning was later called classical conditioning.

Answer 20

Pavlov

Question 21

The founder of Individual Psychology who developed the idea of “striving for superiority” and the “inferiority complex” was

Answer 21

Adler

Question 22

was a social psychologist who studied conformity and how group pressure affects distortion of judgement by asking subjects to compare the lengths of different lines.

Answer 22

Asch

Question 23

proposed that personality was made up of two dimensions: introversion vs extroversion and emotionality (psychoficism) vs. stability (neuroticism).

Answer 23

Eysenck

Question 24

developed the concept of the collective unconscious, and founded The Analytical School of Psychology.

Answer 24

Jung

Question 25

He would “magnetize” his patients, harnessing their “animal magnetism” to cure their problems.

Answer 25

Mesmer

Question 26

Linguist who suggested humans have an inborn or “native” propensity to learn to talk was

Answer 26

Chomsky

Question 27

studied people’s facial expressions and found cross cultural agreement on the interpretation of facial expressions.

Answer 27

Ekman

Question 28

developed the inkblot test

Answer 28

Rorschach

Question 29

developed an intelligence scale (test) which stressed both verbal and nonverbal intelligence

Answer 29

Wechsler

Question 30

developed a theory of emotions whereby emotions are the result of bodily reactions rather than the reverse

Answer 30

Lange

Question 31

American psychologist who made major revisions of Binet’s intelligence test to create The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was

Answer 31

Terman

Question 32

developed cognitive theory of personality emphasizing that people actively participate in the cognitive organization of their interactions with the environment and behavior is characterized more by situational specificity rather than consistency.

Answer 32

Mischel

Question 33

suggested emotional sensory information first reaches the thalamus, then simultaneously are felt and cause a bodily reaction.

Answer 33

Cannon

Question 34

proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triarchic theory of love.

Answer 34

Sternburg

Question 35

German neurologist who discovered the part of the brain responsible for the comprehension of speech was

Answer 35

Wernicke

Question 36

divided intelligence into 8 different types; logical mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Answer 36

Gardner

Question 37

proposed learned helplessness can cause depression or other mental illnesses; current advocate of positive psychology.

Answer 37

Seligman

Question 38

In 1879, the first psychology laboratory was established in Leipzig, Germany by

Answer 38

Wundt

Question 39

continued her father’s work in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on children.

Answer 39

Anna Freud

Question 40

The English philosopher, , argued every person begins life as “tabula rase” (“blank slate”) and all knowledge is the result of experience, a view that became known as empiricism.

Answer 40

Locke

Question 41

charged that psychoanalytic theory as developed by Freud was male-biased and proposed a more social-cultural approach to balance the masculine view of psychology of the time.

Answer 41

Horney

Question 42

developed a rigorous empirical approach to the study of memory and the “forgetting curve

Answer 42

Ebbinghaus

Question 43

a cousin of Darwin, was an English scientist who coined the term “nature vs nurture” and a firm believer in the eugenic theory.

Answer 43

Sir Francis

Question 44

American psychologist who studied attachment to caregivers in infant monkeys was

Answer 44

Harlow

Question 45

developed a distortion room that is named after him where people of similar sizes appear to be at different heights.

Answer 45

Ames

Question 46

believed that females tend to lean more towards fulfilling human needs and are more relationship oriented than males.

Answer 46

Gilligan

Question 47

a Russian cognitive theorist who emphasized the role of the environment, especially the social world of people, in intellectual development and the “zone of proximal (potential) development.

Answer 47

Vigotsky

Question 48

believed personality can be described in terms of fundamental traits that he divided into three kinds of traits: cardinal, central and secondary traits

Answer 48

Allport

Question 49

The trait theorist who divided personality into 16 factors: and suggested there were two types of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, was

Answer 49

Cattell

Question 50

The individual who established the first American psychology research laboratory (at Johns Hopkins in 1883) established the first professional journal in psychology (the American Journal of Psychology, in 1887) and founded the American Psychological Association (in 1892) was

Answer 50

Hall