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AP Psych > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

brain and spinal cord, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion

A

CNS

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2
Q

all nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord, subdivided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems

A

PNS

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3
Q

bundles of neuron fibers

A

nerves

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4
Q

nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors, carries info to and from CNS

A

somatic nervous system

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5
Q

nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands, controls involuntary functions

A

autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

mobilizes body’s resources for emergencies

A

sympathetic

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7
Q

conserve bodily resources

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

cell body; contains nucleus

A

soma

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9
Q

receive info

A

dendrite

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10
Q

long, thin fiber; transmits signals from soma to other neurons or muscles

A

axon

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11
Q

insulating material (glia) around axon

A

Myelin Sheath

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12
Q

secrete neurotransmitters

A

terminal button

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13
Q

space between neurons; info transmitted

A

synapse

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14
Q

send a message to other neurons, keeps our body in communication with every part of it

A

purpose of neurons

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15
Q

a neuron’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive (reload)

A

resting potential

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16
Q

when excitatory signals (minus the inhibitory signals) received by a neuron exceed a minimum intensity (threshold) the neuron fires an action potential

A

threshold

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17
Q

brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along an axon (fire)

A

action potential

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18
Q

min. length of time after an action potential during which another AP cannot begin (await my command)

A

refractory period

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19
Q

vital functions. Consists of medulla, pons, cerebellum

A

hindbrain

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20
Q

sensory functions. Consists of reticular formation

A

midbrain

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21
Q

emotion, complex thought. Consists of limbic system, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, cortex, corpus callosum

A

forebrain

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22
Q

located near the forehead, movement, executive control systems, decision making

A

frontal lobe

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23
Q

located top to rear head, sensory information

A

parietal lobe

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24
Q

located back of head, visual processes

A

occipital lobe

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25
Q

located side of head, hearing and balance, important in memory

A

temporal lobe

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26
Q

light enters through cornea, lens, retina, optic disk, iris, pupil, cones, fovea, rods

A

sight

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27
Q

external ear depends on vibrations of molecules, pinna collects sound and funnels it down auditory canal to eardrum

A

hearing

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28
Q

taste buds absorb chemical dissolved in saliva, which trigger neural impulses

A

taste

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29
Q

skin has receptive fields where CNS cells are most sensitive

A

touch

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30
Q

Olfactory cilia are located in the upper passages of the nasal passages, they have axons that synapse directly with cells in base of the brain

A

smell

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31
Q

responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your body’s location, equilibrium

A

vestibular

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32
Q

monitors the position of the various parts of the body

A

kinesthetic

33
Q

a dividing point between energy levels that do and do not have a detectable affect

A

thresholds

34
Q

the minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

35
Q

the detection of stimuli involves decision processes, which are both influenced by a variety of factors besides stimulus and intensity

A

signal detection theory

36
Q

registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

A

subliminal messages

37
Q

the smallest difference in the amount of stimulation that a specific sense can detect

A

just noticeable difference

38
Q

a gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation

A

sensory adaptation

39
Q

things near one another seem to belong together

A

proximity

40
Q

we group things that are similar

A

similarity

41
Q

tendency to follow the direction you are led

A

continuity

42
Q

group in order to create completeness

A

closure

43
Q

organize in simplest way possible

A

simplicity

44
Q

interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

A

depth perception

45
Q

clues about distance based on the differing views of two eyes

A

binocular cues

46
Q

clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

A

monocular cues

47
Q

parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer or converge

A

linear perspective

48
Q

If two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away.

A

relative size

49
Q

one object overlaps the other, which causes us to perceive depth

A

interposition

50
Q

the distortion in size which closer objects have compared to objects farther away

A

texture gradient

51
Q

the tendency to perceive an object you are familiar with as having a constant shape, size, and brightness despite the stimuli changes that occur.

A

constancies

52
Q

the tendency to perceive a familiar object as having the same color under different conditions of illumination

A

color constancy

53
Q

lightest level, body twitches and eyes roll.

A

stage 1 of sleep

54
Q

low frequency waves, eyes roll side to side, lasts about 30 minutes

A

stage 2 of sleep

55
Q

deeper sleep.

A

stage 3 of sleep

56
Q

deepest sleep, almost impossible to be awaken.

A

stage 4 of sleep

57
Q

lasts 15-45 min, eyes move rapidly and muscles are paralyzed

A

REM sleep

58
Q

failure to sleep enough at night

A

insomnia

59
Q

person stops breathing while asleep

A

apnea

60
Q

overwhelming periods of sleep and fatigue

A

narcolepsy

61
Q

screaming, sweating, rapid heartbeat, no memory of it

A

night terrors

62
Q

Random brain cells being stimulated and the “story” is created after we awake

A

hobson dream theory

63
Q

Brain is problem solving, Reflecting on waking self

A

jung dream theories

64
Q

Brain is storing or deleting sensory information

A

dream theory

65
Q

brain is keeping ideas worth keeping

A

idea darwinism

66
Q

Form of altered consciousness in which people become suggestible to behavioral changes

A

what is hypnosis

67
Q

people are just suggestible and its not a state of consciousness

A

barber hypnosis theory

68
Q

hidden observer effect

A

hilgard hypnosis theory

69
Q

Can be used for pain reduction, aiding memory recollection, athletes in high stress situations, and helps people solve and gain insight into their lives

A

uses for hypnosis

70
Q

interacts with the CNS, can alter a person’s mood, perception, and behavior

A

psychoactive drugs

71
Q

Diminishing effect with regular use

A

tolerance

72
Q

discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use

A

withdrawal

73
Q

drugs that reduce neural activity

A

depressants

74
Q

drugs that excite neural activity

A

stimulants

75
Q

intoxicant and hallucinogen, active ingredient = THC. augmented sensory experiences, elation, relaxed state. Can cause unpleasant experiences, lung issues, not physically addictive

A

marijuana

76
Q

causes rapid changing hallucinations, can cause panic attacks and hallucination state to be reentered randomly. Opens parts of the creative mind

A

LSD

77
Q

stimulates the brain and CNS, increases alertness and wakefulness, elevates mood, increases speech and motor activity

A

stimulants

78
Q

includes morphine, opium, heroin, reduces pain and causes euphoria, physically addictive, can cause the heart to stop, painful withdrawal

A

opiates AKA narcotics

79
Q

causes a losing of inhibitions, people will say and do things they wouldn’t normally do. Alcohol, barbiturates

A

depressants

AP Psych (4 decks)

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