WHO - ICF & EBP Flashcards
Provides a standard language and framework for the description of health and health-related domains
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF)
help us to describe changes in body function and structure, what a person with a health condition can do in a standard environment (their level of capacity), as well as what they actually do in their usual environment (their level of performance)
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF)
all body functions, activities and participation
Functioning
an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions
Disability
How do we apply the ICF in service provisions?
individual level
institutional level
societal level
How do we apply the ICF in the individual level?
- It can be used as an assessment of individuals
- It can also be used for assessment planning and treatment planning
- It can also be used for the evaluation of the efficacy or effectiveness of your treatment and intervention approaches
- It could be used as a tool to communicate with other healthcare providers and it could also be used by the patients themselves to self-evaluate their functioning or their progress given the intervention
How do we apply the ICF at the institutional level?
- It could be used as educational and training
- It could be used for resource planning and development, quality improvement as well as management and outcome evaluation measures
- For managed care models of healthcare delivery
How do we apply the ICF for the higher level that is at the social level?
- It has something to do with the social policies with the entitlements or distribution of the benefits, disability pensions
- The needs assessment for service delivery and assessment of implementation of mandated accessibility or environmental facilitators and barriers
- The necessary changes to social policy
looks into the functioning and disability within the context of the individual’s activities and participation in everyday life
WHO - ICF Part: Health Conditions
viewed as outcomes of interactions with the health condition and its interactions with the contextual factors
WHO - ICF Part: Functioning and Disability
3 levels of human functioning
- body part
- level of the whole person
- person in the social context
physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
Body Functions
anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components
Body Structures
problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss
Impairments
the execution of a task or action by an individual
Activity
involvement in a life situation
Participation
difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
Activity Limitations
Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. It has something to do with the patient encounters in the daily life situations
Participation Restrictions
make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and
conduct their lives; It could be in the family, society, at work place
Environmental Factors
Indicates the presence of an impairment and, on a five point scale, the degree of the impairment of function or structure and also has the percentage od the level or degree of the impairment of function or structure for you to be able to gauge the severity of the impairment
Body and Function and Structure Qualifiers
Body and Function Qualifiers five point scale
1 - no impairment (0-4%)
2 - mild (5-24%)
3 - moderate (25-49%)
4 - severe (50-95%)
5 - complete (96-100%)
2 ACTIVITY AND PARTICIPATION QUALIFIERS
performance qualifications and capacity qualifier
This qualifier refers to what an individual does in his or her current environment
Performance qualifications
This qualifier describes an individual’s ability to execute a task or an action in a standard environment
Capacity qualifier
2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALIFIERS
barrier and a facilitator
is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions” (Mok et al, 2013)
concept map
Students create this to visually present relationships between ideas and clarify understanding (Novak and Cohen, 1984)
concept map
We use concept maps during analysis of cases to?
(1) organize ideas and data, (2) analyze them, (3) exhibit our critical thinking about the case.
True or False: Educators show that concept mapping do not facilitates the students’ use of critical thinking in knowledge integration and implication to clinical settings.
FALSE. Educators show that concept mapping FACILITATES the students’ use of critical thinking in knowledge integration and implication to clinical settings.
The concept map will promote the use of
promote use of various critical thinking and cognitive skills such as analyzing, interpretation, inference, explanation and self-regulation
Attributes of Concept Map
- Nodes
- Links
- Cross Links
- Propositions
- Overall Appearance
Basically the concepts within a box or a circle
Nodes
Basic unit of the concept map
Propositions
3 Components of EBP
clinical expertise, current best evidence, and client perspectives
True or False: Doing EBP means you are being a life-long learner because you are consistently updating your knowledge and skills
True
IMPORTANCE OF EBP IN SLP PRACTICE
1) Makes education in SLP more about problem-centered, lifelong learning
2) Facilitates continuing professional education encouraging more focused and productive reading and data handling
3) Improves confidence in clinical decision making and facilitates better communication with other profession
4) Enhances the immediate application of good research findings to clinical practice
5) Makes speech-language pathologists think of outcomes explicitly
6) Funding
5As of EBP
Ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Assess
5As of EBP
Ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Assess
PICO QUESTION
Population or Problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
PICO QUESTION
Population or Problem
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
these are the subjective observations and objective performance datasets
Internal Evidence
these are the subjective observations and objective performance datasets
Internal Evidence
Results, data, statistic analysis, and conclusions from scientific literature
External evidence
Results, data, statistic analysis, and conclusions from scientific literature
External evidence
Level of External Evidence
Ia - Systematic reviews, Meta-analyses
Ib - Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
II - Controlled study without randomization
III - Case-controlled Trial
IV - Case series or expert opinion, clinical experience of respected authorities
Level of External Evidence
Ia - Systematic reviews, Meta-analyses
Ib - Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
II - Controlled study without randomization
III - Case-controlled Trial
IV - Case series or expert opinion, clinical experience of respected authorities
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOUR EBP IS VALID AND RELIABLE?
Internal Evidence
- Does your client RESPOND to the intervention?
- Is that response SIGNIFICANT for the client?
- How much longer should you CONTINUE the intervention?
- Is it time to CHANGE the therapy target, intervention approach, or service delivery model?
External Evidence
- Determine the RELEVANCE to your question
- Appraise the VALIDITY and TRUSTWORTHINESS
- Review the RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS
APPLY: WHAT IS D.E.C.I.D.E?
Define the first 3 steps of EBP (ask, acquire, appraise)
Extrapolate clinically applicable information from the external evidence
Consider your expertise and others
Incorporate the client’s perspective and their family
Develop assessment and treatment planning
Evaluate the clinical decision
