DEMENTIA Flashcards
a syndrome resulting from acquired brain disease
characterized by a progressive decline in memory and
other cognitive domains
Dementia
What is Dementia?
due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions (memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension,
calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment)
T or F:
Dementia produces an appreciable decline in intellectual functioning, and usually some interference with personal activities of daily living
True
How can you differentiate dementia from other cog d/o?
You could differentiate dementia from other cognitive disorders because of its chronic and progressive nature
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DEMENTIA
● Insidious onset
● Not caused by delirium, schizophrenia, or major depression
● Acquired
● Persistent
● Affects several areas of mental function
● Severe enough to interfere with work, social activities, and relationships with others
T or F:
7th leading cause of death and one of the major
causes of disability and dependency among older people
True
Dementia prevalence in the PH
Dementia prevalence- 10.6%
○ AD: 85.5%
○ VaD: 11.7%
These are usually associated with vascular dementia but not with alzheimer’s disease
○ Hypertension
○ Diabetes
○ Dyslipidemia
○ Smoking
What is DALY?
time based measure combines years of life/loss due to
premature mortality, and years of life/loss due to time lived in states of full care health or years of healthy life/loss due to disability
represents the loss of the equivalent of 1 year of full health
1 DALY
risk factors for dementia
● Age (more common in those 65 or older)
● High blood pressure (hypertension)
● High blood sugar (diabetes)
● Being overweight or obese
● Smoking
● Drinking too much alcohol
● Being physically inactive
● Being socially isolated
● Depression
T or F
High blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight, smoking these are the ones that are not risk factors for vascular dementia but not for Alzheimer’s dementia.
False
High blood pressure, diabetes, being overweight, smoking these are the ones that ARE risk factors for vascular dementia but not for Alzheimer’s dementia.
Signs and Symptoms of Dementia
- memory failure
- disorientation
- lapses in judgement
- difficulty performing ADLs
- difficulty performing mentally challenging tasks
- misplacing things
- apathy and loss of initiative
- changes in mood
conditions that causes dementia
○ Alzheimer’s Disease
○ Vascular Pathology (e.g. multi-infarct dementia)
○ Lewy body dementia
○ Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
○ Parkinson’s Disease
○ Huntington’s Disease
Other causes of dementia that are least common:
● Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome secondary to Chronic
Alcohol Abuse
● Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
● Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy due to repeated trauma
● Multiple Sclerosis
● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
