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CASLD 2 > CVD > Flashcards

CVD Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

these are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels

A

CVD

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2
Q

What happens in CVD

A

there is a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the top heart or brain

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3
Q

Caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain or from blood clots

A

CVD

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4
Q

An estimated _____ people died from CVDs in 2019, which is ~32% of global deaths

A

17.9 million

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5
Q

CVDs in the philippines are the cause of _____ of total deaths of Filipinos and Filipino-Americans from 1994-2018

A

20%

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6
Q

a disease of the blood vessels
supplying the heart muscle

A

Coronary Heart Disease

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7
Q

a disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Disease

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8
Q

a disease of the blood vessels
supplying the arms and legs

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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9
Q

damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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10
Q

birth defects that affect the normal development and functioning of the heart caused by malformations of the heart structure from birth

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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11
Q

blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

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12
Q

Differentiate CVD from CVA

A

CVD:
Umbrella term for everything
Involves problems with heart and blood vessels
Can develop overtime

CVA:
Specifically refers to a stroke that affects the brain
Sudden that needs immediate treatment

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13
Q

what is a CVA?

A

a disorder that affects the blood flow in the brain or this is more commonly known as the stroke

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14
Q

what is a stroke?

A

abrupt interruption of a constant blood flow to the brain that causes loss of neurological function.

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15
Q

2 types of stroke

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic

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16
Q

differentiate the 2 types of stroke

A

Blockage -> ischemic (cerebral infarction)
Bleeding -> hemorrhagic

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17
Q

Controllable risk factors for stroke:

A

smoking
high BP
carotid or other artery disease
diabetes
high boood cholesterol
excessive alcohol drinking
physical inactivity/obesity
HRT (hormone replacement therapy)

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18
Q

uncontrollable risk factors for stroke

A

age
gender
heredity and race
prior stroke or heart stroke

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19
Q

80% of all strokes

A

ischemic stroke

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20
Q

what is a ischemic troke

A

Meron blockage or occlusion sa blood vessel
Most common type of stroke

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21
Q

what are the 2 types of ischemic stroke

A

thrombotic and embolic

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22
Q

what is a thrombotic stroke?

A

a blood clot, called a thrombus, blocks an artery to the brain and stops blood flow.

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23
Q

what is an embolic stroke

A

occurs when a piece of plaque or thrombus travels from its original site and blocks an artery downstream.

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24
Q

what causes a hemorrhagic stroke

A

caused by hypertension, rupture of an aneurysm or vascular malformation or as a complication of anticoagulation medications

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25
what is a ICH
occurs when there is bleeding directly into the brain tissue, which often forms a clot within the brain
26
what is a SAH
occurs when the bleeding fills the cerebrospinal fluid spaces around the brain
27
"mini-stroke", "warning stroke" aka mild stroke
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
28
temporary cerebrovascular event that leaves no permanent damage lasting less than 24 hrs
TIA
29
what is a TIA
Most likely an artery to the brain is temporarily blocked, causing stroke-like symptoms, but the blockage dislodges before any permanent damage occurs. a mini stroke or mild stroke or warning stroke
30
True or False: 50 percent of all people who suffer a major stroke experience a prior TIA
false 30 percent of all people who suffer a major stroke experience a prior TIA
31
true or false 15 percent of all TIA victims suffer a stroke within 2 weeks
false 10 percent of all TIA victims suffer a stroke within 2 weeks
32
temporal profile of embolic stroke
peaks at once
33
temporal profile of thrombotic stroke
evolve more slowly
34
Abrupt onset; deficit may be static or steadily progressive over minutes or hours
ICH
35
Almost instantaneous
SAH
36
Warning signs of stroke
Dizziness, nausea, or vomiting Unusually severe headache Confusion, disorientation or memory loss Numbness, weakness in an arm, leg or the face, especially on one side Abnormal or slurred speech speech Difficulty with comprehension Loss of vision or difficulty seeing Loss of balance, coordination or the ability to walk
37
what is BEFAST
Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time
38
what are the stroke scales?
NIHSS Stroke Scale, ABCD2 Score for TIA, Modified Rankin Scale for Neurologic Disability
39
what are stroke scales for
Predict patient outcomes Helps determine appropriate treatment
40
NIHSS severities
Very Severe: >25 Severe: 15 - 24 Mild to Moderately severe 5 -14 Mild: 1 - 5
41
True or False For NIHSS, the higher the score is, the less severe the stroke is.
For NIHSS, the higher the score is, the more severe the stroke is.
42
usually conducted by asking the person to perform several physical and mental tests.
NIHSS
43
designed to be a simple clinical prediction to previous triaging patients presenting with acute transient ischemic attacks.
ABCD2`
44
optimized to predict the two day stroke risk.
ABCD2
45
the patient is rated zero (0), if there are no symptoms at all, and as high as six (6) to indicate the mortality or severity of the stroke
Modified Rankin Scale
46
Ultrasound is used to help detect plaque, blood clots or other problems with blood flow in the carotid arteries No known risks and this test is noninvasive and painless
CAROTID DUPLEX
46
Contrast dye is utilized This procedure is monitored by a fluoroscope
Cerebral angiography (vertebral angiogram, carotid angiogram)
47
A useful diagnostic test for hemorrhagic strokes because blood can easily be seen
CT or CAT scan
48
allows clinicians to see blood vessels in the head and neck and is increasingly being used instead of an invasive angiogram
CT or CAT scan
49
what is the limitation of a CAT scan?
Limitations: harder to interpret for ischemic strokes. You would only see an impression of it.
50
Both the superficial and deep venous systems are evaluated. No known risks and this test is noninvasive and painless
Doppler Ultrasound
51
A diagnostic test using small metal discs (electrodes) placed on a person' s scalp to pick up electrical impulses These electrical signals are printed out as brain waves
EEG
52
An invasive diagnostic test that uses a needle to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from the space surrounding the spinal cord Can be helpful in detecting bleeding caused by a cerebral hemorrhage
Lumbar Puncture (spinal tap)
53
A noninvasive study which conducted in a Magnetic Resonance Imager (MRI) Shows the actual blood vessels in the neck and brain and can help detect blockage and aneurysms
MRA
54
Can clearly show various types of nerve tissue and clear pictures of the brainstem and posterior brain Can help determine whether there are signs of prior mini-strokes
MRI
55
General Management for All Acute Stroke
Ascertain clinical diagnosis of TIA or stroke Identify comorbidities Provide basis emergent supportive care Monitor neuro-vital signs Perform stroke scales Ensure appropriate hydration Treatment of permissive hypertension
56
PREVENTION (phramacologic)
Hypertension: antihypertensive medications Diabetes Mellitus: oral hypoglycemic agents Dyslipidemia: lifestyle modification, dietary changes, pharmacologic treatments
57
CHALLENGES (effects of the stroke)
Physical challenges/impairments Communication challenges Emotional and behavioral challenges Cognitive challenges Swallowing problems
58
SLP ROLES IN STROKE
Screening Formal Assessment Management of different conditions arising from the Stroke
59
Management of different conditions arising from the Stroke; like:
Dysphagia Communication Impairments Aphasia Motor Speech Disorders RHD Cognitive-Communication Impairments

CASLD 2 (4 decks)

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